The Mind of a Missionary Notes and References

Introduction Back to Top

1 “God had an only Son, and He was a missionary.” Robert Clark, The Missions of the Church Missionary Society and the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society in the Punjab and Sindh (Wisconsin: Church Missionary Society, 1904), 70-71.

Chapter 1: Compassion for the Lost Back to Top

1 “She is a heart wringer for cuteness.” Jim Elliot’s journal entry, November 8, 1955. Elisabeth Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot (Old Tappan, NJ: F. H. Revell Co., 1978), 472.
2 “Our orders are: the Gospel to every creature.” Last letter written by Jim Elliot, December 28, 1955, to his parents before being killed by the Auca of Ecuador.
3 “I’m ready to die for the salvation of the Aucas.” Elisabeth Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor (Tyndale House Publishers, 1957), 172.
4 “They merit His mercy again because they are scattered.” Jim Elliot’s journal entry, February 10, 1952. Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot, 364
5 “I have been wondering if I should go.” Ellen Vaughn, Becoming Elisabeth Elliot (B&H Publishing Group, 2020), 144.
6 “Forty-seven billion flying insects.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 184.
7 “No signs of the ‘neighbors’ yet.” Ibid., 182-83.
8 “We feel sure we are being watched.” Ibid., 183.
9 “This is a great day for the advance of the Gospel of Christ in Ecuador.” Ibid., 172.
10 “We have all eternity to tell of the victories won for Christ.” Amy Carmichael, Things As They Are: Missionary Work in South India (London: Morgan & Scott, 1903), 158.
11 His watch had stopped at 3:12. “Go Ye and Preach the Gospel: Five Do and Die,” LIFE Magazine, January 30, 1956, 15.
12 Jim Elliot’s pierced body. Vaughn, Becoming Elisabeth Elliot, 162.
13 LIFE Magazine ten-page article. “Go Ye and Preach the Gospel: Five Do and Die,” 15.
14 “Our free will influences our thinking.” Dr. Caroline Leaf, Switch On Your Brain: The Key to Peak Happiness, Thinking, and Health (Baker Books, 2013), 53.
15 “We are not driven by forces beyond our conscious control.” Hagop Sarkissian et al., “Is Belief in Free Will a Cultural Universal?” Mind and Language 25, issue 3 (June 2010): 346– 58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01393.x.
16 “We are highly intelligent beings with free will.” Leaf, Switch On Your Brain, 42.
17 The person’s behavior is motivated by an internal desire. Kendra Cherry, “Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: What’s the Difference?” Verywell Mind, May 23, 2018, https://www.verywellmind.com/differences-between-extrinsic-and-intrinsic-motivation-2795384.
18 “The most deeply motivated people.” Daniel H. Pink, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us (Penguin Publishing Group, 2011), 133.
19 “An inherent tendency to seek out novelty and challenges.” Pink, Drive, 8.
20 Self-Determination Theory. Edward L. Deci, “Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards On Intrinsic Motivation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, no. 1 (1971), 105-115 https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/1971_Deci.pdf.
21 Our Creator sees our innermost being. Proverbs 20:27, New Living Translation.
22 “Let us follow the Spirit’s leading.” Galatians 5:25, New Living Translation.
23 “Flee from all this [extrinsic motivation].” 1 Timothy 6:11, New International Version.
24 “May God continue to put His good hand on the project [Operation Auca].” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 95.
25 “The mindset controlled by the Spirit finds life and peace. Romans 8:5-6, The Passion Translation.
26 “Christianity is shrinking and aging in the West.” Saba Imtiaz, “A New Generation Redefines What It Means to Be a Missionary,” The Atlantic, March 8, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/amp/article/551585/.
27 “Christian missionaries’ motivations can vary widely.” Imtiaz, “A New Generation.”
28 “Why is it that some Christians cross land and sea, continents, and cultures, as missionaries?” John R. W. Stott, The Incomparable Christ (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 16.
29 “Light these idle sticks of my life.” Elisabeth Elliot, Shadow of the Almighty: The Life and Testament of Jim Elliot (HarperOne, 2009), 55.
30 “When it comes time to die, make sure that all you have to do is die.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 253.
31 “The harvest is great, but the workers are few.” Matthew 9:38, New Living Translation.
32 “Does it not stir up our hearts, to go forth and help them.” Twenty-year-old Amy Carmichael in Scraps, a Carmichael family magazine, beautifully handwritten, illustrated, and published monthly for family and friends. It was Amy who proposed a family journal. The object of Scraps was “for the improvement and amusement of the members” (Scraps, March 18, 1887 onwards). Amy signed all her contributions with the pseudonym “Nobody.” This quote is also found in Sam Wellman, Amy Carmichael (Heroes of the Faith) (Barbour Publishing, Inc., 2012), 32.
33 “My old identity has been crucified with the Messiah.” Galatians 2:20, The Passion Translation.
34 My decision to serve as a missionary is as much fueled by a hope of adventure and excitement as it is by altruism.” David J. Wilson, “Selfless Or Selfish: A Missionary’s Motivation, Discovering My Own Motivation,” Odyssey, June 6, 2016, https://www.theodysseyonline.com/selfless-selfish-missionarys-motivation.
35 “So, what is the right motivation?” David Frazier, Mission Smart: 15 Critical Questions to Ask Before Launching Overseas (2014), 22-23.
36 “You wonder why people choose fields away from the States.” Elliot, Shadow of the Almighty, 237.
37 “He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose.” Jim Elliot’s journal entry, October 28, 1949. Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot, 174.
38 “For we are His workmanship.” Ephesians 2:10, English Standard Version.
39 “We have become His poetry.” Ephesians 2:10, The Passion Translation.
40 “But you are a chosen race.” 2 Peter 2:9, New American Standard Bible.
41 “Missionaries often think they need to always be on the go.” The author’s interview with Diane Foster, March 13, 2018.
42 “He was passing through a deeply personal spiritual struggle.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 151.
43 “The reason: Failure to measure up as a missionary.” Ibid., 152.
44 “Jim and I were prepared to . . . live among the Waorani.” Vaughn, Becoming Elisabeth Elliot, 146-147.
45 “I have been very low inside me struggling.” Jim Elliot’s journal entry, December 31, 1955. Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot, 475.
46 “Jim Elliot and his fellow missionaries were not spiritual superheroes.” Vaughn, Becoming Elisabeth Elliot, 149.
47 “I know my daddy is with Jesus.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 252.
48 A surprise attack. Ibid., 250.
49 “In the kitchen, we sat quietly as the reports were finished.” Ibid., 252.
50 “The prayers of the widows themselves are for the Aucas.” Ibid., 253.
51 “Just about ten feet away sit two of the seven men who killed my husband.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 257.
52 “I could almost say I’ve had enough of these Waorani.” Vaughn, Becoming Elisabeth Elliot, 194.
53 “I was one of the men . . . who killed your brother.” Menkaye Aenkaedi, Gentle Savage Still Seeking the End of the Spear: The Autobiography of a Killer and the Oral History of the Waorani (Xulon Press, 2013), 231.
54 “The violent, short lives of the Waorani were transformed.” Rebecca Barnes, “The Rest of the Story,” Christianity Today, January 1, 2006, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/january/30.38.html.
55 “A quarter of the group is Christian.” Barnes, “The Rest of the Story.”
56 “Their compulsion was from a different source.” Elliot, Through Gates of Splendor, 175.

Chapter 2: Obedience to the Commands of Christ Back to Top

1 “Hundreds of millions in this vast empire.” Alfred T. Schofield, Memorials of R. Harold A. Schofield (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1885), 215-216.
2 “Agreed prayer for seventy additional workers.” M. Geraldine Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, Vol. II (Morgan and Scott, 1900), 407.
3 “A united appeal . . . for earnest and persevering prayer for more labourers.” Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, Vol. II, 409.
4 “My dear wife and I wish to put down our names.” Ibid., 417.
5 “Men of culture, education, and distinguished gifts, intellectual as well as spiritual.” Ibid., 444.
6 “The mighty engine that drives missionary work.” T. F. Shuey, Official Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Twenty-First General Conference of the United Brethren in Christ Held in Dayton, OH, May 11, 1893 (United Brethren Printing, 1893), 63.
7 “Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer.” Delavan L. Pierson, The Missionary Review of the World (Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1915), 540.
8 “Loving farewell to Mr. [Hudson] Taylor.” Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, 431; Schofield, Memorials of R. Harold A. Schofield, 239.
9 “My brother’s life did not flow in such a tumultuous stream.” Schofield, Memorials of R. Harold A. Schofield, 117.
10 “About the end of 1883, I wrote to Mr. [Hudson] Taylor.”  Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, Vol. II, 445.
11 “Solid, lasting missionary work is done on our knees.” Mrs. Howard Taylor, Behind the Ranges: Biography of J. O. Fraser of Lisuland (Chicago: Moody Press, 1964), 58.
12 “One long blaze of cricketing glory,” Norman P. Grubb, C. T. Studd: Cricketer and Pioneer (Harrisburg, PA: Evangelical Press, 1937), 34-35.
13 “Renouncing the careers in which they had already gained no small distinction.” Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, Vol. II, 441; John Pollock, The Cambridge Seven, Centenary Edition 1885-1895 (Basingstoke, Hants: Marshall, Morgan, & Scott, 1985), 112-113.
14 “Opposition and criticism were alike disarmed.” Ibid., 445-446.
15 “It was like a charge of dynamite exploded among them.” C. T. Studd’s letter to his mother, January 28, 1885.
16 “No sacrifice can be too great for me to make for Him.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 145.
17 A revival is nothing else than a new beginning of obedience to God. Charles Finney, What A Revival of Religion Is (New York: Evangelist, 1834), 194.
18 “The coming revival must begin with a great revival of prayer.” Andrew Murray, The Ministry of Intercession: A Plea For More Prayer (James Nisbet & CO. Limited, 1898), 185.
19 “Before then, my Christian life had been spasmodic and fitful.” F. B. Meyer, Steps Into the Blessed Life (Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1896), 195.
20 “What are you really living for?” Pollock, The Cambridge Seven, 116.
21 “I knew it was God’s voice speaking to me.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 43-44.
22 “That’s the excitement in obedience.” Brother Andrew, God’s Smuggler (New York: Penguin, 1968), 94.
23 “When someone says there’s a lion in the way.” C. T. Studd, Chocolate Soldier (Fort Washington, PA.: Christian Literature Crusade), 24.
24 “The West is more resourced and informed than ever but care less and less about God’s global mission.” Asian Rough Rider, “10 Reasons Why Mission Matters in a Post Millennial World,” Asian Rough Rider, June 1, 2017, https://asianroughrider.com/2017/06/01/10-reasons-why-mission-matters-in-a-post-missional-world/.
25 “Churches in the West have reduced mission to our personal spheres.” Asian Rough Rider, “10 Reasons.”
26 “I should seek the work where the work was the most abundant and the workers fewest.” Alexander McConnell, William Revell Moody, Arthur Percy Fitt, Record of Christian Work (F.H. Revell Company, 1912), 474.
27 “I have but one candle of life to burn.” “The Church Missionary Review,” vo. 52 (1901): 875.
28 “If He is our Lord, then we will obey Him.” Nik Ripken, Gregg Lewis, The Insanity of God: A True Story of Faith Resurrected (B&H Publishing Group, 2013), 78.
29 “I go out as a missionary not that I may follow the dictates of common sense.” James Gilmour, Richard Lovett, James Gilmour of Mongolia: His Diaries, Letters, and Reports (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1892), 42.
30 Only in His presence will you find fullness of joy and pleasures forevermore. Psalm 16:11.
31 “We are all under obligation to spread the knowledge of a good thing.” Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission, Vol. II, 442.
32 “I do not say, Don’t play games or cricket and so forth.” C. T. Studd’s letter to his brothers, Reggie and Bertie, May 26, 1885.
33 “We, the undersigned, declare ourselves willing and desirous.” Robert P. Wilder, The Great Commission: The Missionary Response to the Student Volunteer Movements in North America and Europe (London: Oliphants Ltd., 1936), 13; material related to the Princeton band is also found in the SVM Archives, particularly in Series V, Organization and Policy Records.
34 “The artificial separation of home and foreign missions is now passé.” “SVM Prepares for Reconversion of Missionary Enterprise,” SVM Archives, series V (1945), 3.
35 The original declaration card of the Student Volunteer Movement reflected three new alternatives. “Board of Directors,” SVM Archives, series V (1949).
36 Locate our own life within a larger social drama. William Strauss, Neil Howe, The Fourth Turning: What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America’s Next Rendezvous with Destiny (Broadway Books, 1997), 55
37 “This generation has a rendezvous with destiny.” Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Acceptance Speech for the Renomination for the Presidency,” The American Presidency Project, June 27, 1936, Philadelphia, PA, USA, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15314.
38 Four turnings make up a full cycle of about eighty to ninety years. Strauss, Howe, The Fourth Turning, 2-3.
39 A “saeculum.” Ibid.,14-15.
40 Gen Z. New Silent Generation was a proposed holding name used by Howe and Strauss in their demographic history of America, Generations, to describe the generation whose birth years began somewhere in the mid-2000s and the ending point will be around the mid-2020s. Howe now refers to this generation (most likely currently being born) as the Homeland Generation. (Eric Hoover, “The Millennial Muddle: How Stereotyping Students Became a Thriving Industry and a Bundle of Contradictions,” The Chronicle of Higher Education (October 11, 2009), https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Millennial-Muddle-How/48772.). Howe and Strauss published their book prior to the culturally accepted title we now use for today’s young people, Gen Z.
41 February 2010 Pew Research Center report. Paul Taylor, Scott Keeter, eds., “Millennials: Confident. Connected. Open to Change,” Pew Research Center Report, February 2010, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf.
42 “No sacrifice can be too great for me to make for Him.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 145.
43 “Theirs is the story of ordinary men, and thus may be repeated.” Pollock, The Cambridge Seven, 125.
44 She believes that a new “Missionary Generation” is forming. Douglas Jacobsen, Rhonda Jacobsen, The American University in a Postsecular Age (Oxford University Press, 2008).
45 “For ‘missionary generation’ [Gen Z] students, religion is central.” Naomi Schaefer Riley, God on the Quad: How Religious Colleges and the Missionary Generation are Changing America (Ivan R. Dee, 2006).
46 “We could ignite an atomic force for good.” Jill Richardson, “Millennials, Missions, and Making Them Mix,” Theology Mix, October 6, 2016, https://theologymix.com/missions/millennials-missions-mix/.
47 Millennials are sharing their faith more than any other generation.  “Is Evangelism Going Out of Style?” Barna Group, December 17, 2013, https://www.barna.com/research/is-evangelism-going-out-of-style/.
48 “This generation is exposed to the world through media in a way other generations weren’t.” Sarah Eekhoff Zylstra, Ryan Robertson, “Gen Z Wants to Be Involved in Missions” The Gospel Coalition, December 31, 2023, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/missions-cross-conference/.
49 Gen Z is recognized as the first truly global generation. John Wheeler, “Who Is Gen Z and What Do They Want? Meet the World’s First Truly Global Generation,” Gen Z Insights, March 12, 2018, https://www.genzinsights.com/who-is-gen-z-and-what-do-they-want-meet-the-worlds-first-truly-global-generation.
50 More connected and ethnically diverse than any other American generation of the past. Jean M. Twenge, IGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood (and What That Means for the Rest of Us) (New York: Atria Paperback, 2018), 10.
51 “Connected by technology since childhood.” Jolene Erlacher, Katy White, Mobilizing Gen Z: Challenges and Opportunities for the Global Age of Missions (William Carey Publishing, 2022), ix.
52 “We will continue to view this generation as nothing more than “missionary fodder.” Sarita Hartz, “The Surprising Ways the Church is Failing Millennial Missionaries,” Sarita Hartz, Millennials on a Mission Survey, May 10, 2018, http://www.saritahartz.com/the-surprising-ways-the-church-is-failing-millennial-missionaries/.
53 “Take up his cross, and follow Me.” Matthew 16:24.
54 We need to take advantage of the time we have left and start living on mission. Asian Rough Rider, “10 Reasons.”
55 Millennial “entitlement” comes through in John Crist’s Christian comedy spoofs. John Crist, “The Millennial Missionaries,” Youtube, June 27, 2017, https://youtu.be/XqFZVajMycI
56 “Barbie savior mentality.” Sarita Hartz, “The Danger of Being a Barbie Savior,” Sarita Hartz, July 6, 2016, http://www.saritahartz.com/the-danger-of-being-a-barbie-savior/. See striking images of this mentality on Barbie Savior (@barbiesavior), Instagram.
57 Jamie the Very Worst Missionary openly admitted her shortcomings.  Jamie Wright, The Very Worst Missionary: A Memoir or Whatever (Convergent Books, 2018).
58 “We must be willing to make an investment in their lives.” Erlacher, Mobilizing Gen Z, 131.
59 “The farther backward you look, the farther forward you are likely to see.” Similar quotes have been used. These examples include: “The further backward you look, the further forward you can see.” also commonly stated as: “The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you can see.” Each of these quotes is commonly attributed to Churchill—even by H. M. The Queen in her 1999 Christmas Message to the British Commonwealth. What Churchill actually said was, “The longer you can look back, the farther you can look forward.”
60 You have to practice looking at how the past has turned corners. Strauss, Howe, The Fourth Turning, 21.
61 “Monty, Stanley, and I make huge Chinamen.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 59.
62 “Millions upon millions of souls, untouched by the Light of Life.” Guinness, The Story of the China Inland Mission Vol. II, 452.
63 Roughly 2.5 million dollars in today’s currency. Grubb, C. T. Studd, 69.
64 “I want to run a rescue shop within a yard of hell.” Ibid., 170.
65 “Well, Mr. Studd, you didn’t come out to China for nothing.” Ibid., 105.
66 “I tell them to surrender to God and to go away rejoicing in Him.” Ibid., 114.
67 “I don’t think a week passes here that Charlie [C. T.] does not have one to three conversions.” Ibid., 121.
68 “There are three stages in every great work of God.” Leslie T. Lyall, A Passion for the Impossible: The Continuing Story of the Mission Hudson Taylor Began (London: OMF Books, 1965), 5.
69 “A gambler for God.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 132.
70 “How could I spend the best years of my life in living for the honours of this world?” Ibid., 168; 40.
71 “Mr. Studd is a missionary to emulate.” Ibid., 127.
72 “Faith in Jesus laughs at impossibilities.” Ibid., 133.
73 Abiengama had killed, cooked, and eaten 40 men. C. T. Studd’s letter to F. W. Maul, April 23, 1917.
74 C. T. Studd, a man who called himself “Christ’s etcetera,” a nobody for God. C. T. Studd, Christ’s Etceteras (WEC Publications, 1915).
75 “Before the sleepy, lukewarm, faithless, namby-pamby Christian world.” Grubb, C. T. Studd, 142-143.
76 “It is worthwhile to lose all this world can offer and stake everything on the world to come.” Ibid., 9.

Chapter 3: Passion for the Glory of God Back to Top

1 “The motive is this, ‘Oh, that God could be glorified.’” Charles H. Spurgeon, “Daniel: A Pattern For Pleaders” (sermon, Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, September 25, 1870), Blue Letter Bible, no. 3484, published November 4, 1915, https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/spurgeon_charles/sermons/3484.cfm.
2 The Story of His Glory. Ralph D. Winter, Steven C. Hawthorne, Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader (William Carey Library Publishers, 2009), 51.
3 “Our love for people takes on balance and power.” Winter, Hawthorne, Perspectives on the World Christian Movement, 61.
4 “A living, blazing fire rather than a cold acceptance of doctrinal formulations.” Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, Gary S. Kinkel, ed., Christian Life and Witness: Count Zinzendorf’s 1738 Berlin Speeches, Book 82 of 178 (Princeton Theological Monograph Series, 2010), xx.
5 A Lutheran movement called Pietism. Pietism emphasized a living faith relationship with Jesus Christ rather than the Lutheran Orthodox church’s stress on doctrine over Christian living. “Lutheran Pietism had one central conviction: that Lutheran theology, the Lutheran confessional writings, worship attendance, talk about God, indeed, the very existence of the Christian Church itself, amounted to emptiness, at best a thin ethical porridge and some metaphysical crumbs, apart from living faith in Jesus Christ that is active in love, a deep personal engagement with Scripture, and a life of prayer. . . . While they did not disparage right doctrine, they called for a Christian life that likewise engaged the affective, the volitional, and the ethical. With the doctrine as a framework a Christian life must be constructed, they thought, by a vital relationship of trust and love with the One to whom all the doctrines point and bear witness; and this relationship, if it is authentic, must shape and drive the affections, the will, and the way one conducted oneself.” Zinzendorf, Kinkel, Christian Life and Witness, xi.
6 “They almost forgot their mission.” John R. Weinlick, Count Zinzendorf (New York; Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1956), 20.
7 “I have loved Him for a long time.” Christian History Magazine, “The Rich Young Ruler Who Said Yes,” Christianity History Institute, Issue 1, 1982, https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-1/rich-young-ruler-who-said-yes.html.
8 “My eyes were opened to the supernatural working.” The author’s interview with Coretta Christy, March 12, 2018.
9 “I was sitting at an outdoor market eating noodles.” The author’s interview with Mike Falkenstine, March 12, 2018.
10 “Suddenly, I got a picture of Revelation 7:9.” The author’s interview with Bevin Ginder, March 12, 2018.
11 “Suddenly, I was looking up at a map of the world.” Loren Cunningham, Janice Rogers, Is That Really You, God?: Hearing the Voice of God (YWAM Publishing: 2001), 32.
12 Youth With A Mission (YWAM) stats. “About Us,” Youth With A Mission, accessed March 4, 2018, https://www.ywam.org/about-us/
13“I was never called to be a missionary, nor was I drafted.” David Sitton, “Don’t Complicate the ‘Missionary Call,’” Desiring God, July 27, 2011, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/don-t-complicate-the-missionary-call.
14 “The whole place represented truly a visible habitation of God among men.” A. J. Lewis, Zinzendorf, The Ecumenical Pioneer: A Study in the Moravian Contribution to Christian Mission and Unity (SCM Press, 1962), 59.
15 “For over a hundred years.” Lewis, Zinzendorf, The Ecumenical Pioneer, 60.
16 “The chief end of man is to glorify God by enjoying Him forever.” John Piper, Desiring God: Meditations of a Christian Hedonist (Multnomah, 2011), 18.
17 Andrew Landale Drummond, German Protestantism Since Luther (London: Epworth Press, 1951), 62.
18 Lewis, Zinzendorf, The Ecumenical Pioneer, 78.
19 A Collection of the Hymns of the Children of God in All Ages From the Beginning Till Now. In two parts, designed chiefly for the use of the Congregations in union with the Brethren’s Church (London, 1754), pt. ii, 254.
20 Nikolaus Zinzendorf, “The Servants of Christ,” The Liturgy and Hymns of the American Province of the Unitas Fratrum no. 725 (1876): 553.
21 Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot, 82.
22 Student Mission Power: Report of the First International Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions (William Carey Library, 1979), 12.
23 Brian Howell, “Roots of the Short-Term Missionary 1960-1985: A Brief History of Short-Term Mission in America (Part 1),” Christianity Today, 2006, http://www.christianitytoday.com/pastors/2006/march-online-only/rootsmissionary.html.
24 Howell, “Roots.”
25 Charles H. Spurgeon, “A Sermon and a Reminiscence” (sermon, Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, early in the year 1873), Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, sermon #3112, published October 1, 1908, http://www.spurgeongems.org./vols52-54/chs3112.pdf.
26 “Count Zinzendorf quotes,” sermonindex.net, accessed March 22,2018, http://www.sermonindex.net/modules/articles/index.php?view=article&aid=32366.
27 Denny Spitters, Matthew Ellison, When Everything Is Missions (Pioneers-USA & Sixteen:Fifteen, 2017), Introduction.
28 Ed Stetzer, “Involving All of God’s People in All of God’s Mission, Part 2,” Christianity Today, June 2010, http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2010/june/involving-all-of-gods-people-in-all-of-gods-mission-part-2.html.
29 C. Gordon Olson, What in the World Is God Doing: The Essentials of Global Missions: An Introductory Guide (Branches Publications,1989), 12.
30 Spitters, Ellison, When Everything Is Missions, Introduction.
31 “51% of Churchgoers Don’t Know of the Great Commission,” Barna Group, March 27, 2018, https://www.barna.com/research/half-churchgoers-not-heard-great-commission/.
32 C. Gordon Olson, “Part 1, His Word: The Biblical Dimension, 1: Dispelling the Fog” in What in the World is God Doing?: An Introduction to World Missions (Branches Publications, 1989).
33 Dr. David Platt, “Mission Precision: Defining Missionary,” Radical, June 12, 2017, http://www.radical.net/resources/sermons/defining-missionary-missionary-team.
34 J. Herbert Kane, Christian Missions in Biblical Perspective (Baker Book House, 1976).
35 Acts 1:8, New International Version.
36 Edmond Ng, “Reaching Across Cultures,” Living Water, April 15, 2011, http://livwater.blogspot.com/2011/04/reaching-across-cultures.html.
37 Matthew Ellison, “When Everything is Missions, Episode One,” When Everything is Missions podcast, December 3, 2017, https://www.wheneverythingismissions.com/podcast/2017/12/3/when-everything-is-missions-episode-one.
38 Denny Spitters, “When Everything is Missions, Episode One,” When Everything is Missions podcast, December 3, 2017, https://www.wheneverythingismissions.com/podcast/2017/12/3/when-everything-is-missions-episode-one.
39 Winter, Hawthorne, Perspectives on the World Christian Movement, 9.
40 The author’s interview with Scott Fletcher, March 12, 2018.
41 Fletcher, March 12, 2018.
42 David Platt (sermon, Urbana 15, December 30, 2015), InterVarsity, https://vimeo.com/150364821.
43 Saint Augustine, translated by Rex Warner, The Confessions of Saint Augustine: The Classic Autobiography of the Man Who Journeyed from Sin to Sainthood, Book I, 1 (Penguin Group, Signet Classic, 2001), 1.
44 St. Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, Lib. 4, 20, 5-7; SC 100, 640-642, 644-648.
45 Piper, Desiring God, 10.
46 Colossians 1:27, The Message Translation.
47 2 Corinthians 3:18, New Living Translation.
48 Revelation 5:9-10, New International Version.
49 Revelation 5:11-14, New International Version.
50 J. Taylor Hamilton, A History of the Missions of the Moravian Church During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Bethlehem, PA: Times Publishing Company, 1901), 4.
51 J. E. Hutton, A History of the Moravian Church (London: Moravian Publication Office, 1909), 238.
52 1 Corinthians 9:19, 22-23, New International Version.
53 Levin Theodore Reichel, The Early History of the Church of the United Brethren, Commonly Called Moravians, in North America, A. D. 1734-1748 (The Moravian Historical Society, 1888), 93.
54 Elena Baumann, “Urgency of Missions – David Platt,” YouTube video, January 25, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqzXQNjMNyY.
55 A. W. Tozer, The Knowledge of the Holy (Harper & Row, 1985), 34.
56 Hutton, A History of the Moravian Church, 236-237.
57 Paris Reidhead, “Ten Shekels and a Shirt” (sermon, Bethany Fellowship, Bloomington, Minnesota, 1965), http://www.parisreidheadbibleteachingministries.org/pdf/Ten_Shekels.pdf.
58 Hutton, A History of the Moravian Church, 239.
59 Vision Video, “Count Zinzendorf: The Rich Young Ruler Who Said Yes | Full Movie | Rev. Dr. Albert Frank,” YouTube video, December 10, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf0chykooqY. Accessed January 16, 2024.
60 Weinlick, Count Zinzendorf, 232.
61 Vision Video, “Count Zinzendorf.”

Chapter 4: The Internal Monologue Back to Top

^[1] Mary Moffat’s letters to her parents, February 1822; August 29, 1822. John Smith Moffat, The Life of Robert Moffat of South Africa: Founded on the Biography by His Son, John S. Moffat, and Other Reliable Sources (Cincinnati, OH: Revivalist Press, 1915), 75-77.

^[1] Robert Moffat’s letter to his parents, September 23, 1816. Moffat, The Life of Robert Moffat of South Africa, 23.

^[1] John S. Moffat, The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1886), 153.

^[1] Moffat, The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat, 155.

^[1] “Clifton Strengths,” Gallup, accessed March 17, 2018, https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/home.aspx.

^[1] Tom Rath, Strengths Finder 2.0 (Gallup Press, 2007), 55.

[1] The author’s interview with Luke Gilbert, February 25, 2018.

^[1] Steven Furtick, Crash the Chatterbox: Hearing God’s Voice Above All Others (Multnomah, 2014), 12.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Gold Cord: The Story of a Fellowship (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1932), 99.

[1] Faith Hassett, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

[1] Chase McNorton, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 26, 2017.

[1] Hannah Lim (a pseudonym), The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted March 2, 2017.

[1] Steve Jennings, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 27, 2017.

[1] Katie Cavanaugh, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 10:5, New International Version.

^[1] Philippians 4:7, New International Version.

^[1] Leaf, Switch On Your Brain, 50.

^[1] Ibid., 55.

^[1] Ibid., 33.

[1] Ibid., 13.

^[1] Moffat, The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat, 153.

[1] Jeremy Blakley, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

[1] Anonymous missionary, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

^[1] Ephesians 1:22-23, The Passion Translation.

^[1] Acts 17:24-28, The Message Translation.

^[1] Furtick, Crash the Chatterbox, 65.

^[1] Colossians 3:1-3, New International Version.

^[1] William Carey, “The Deathless Sermon” (sermon, Friar Lane Baptist Chapel, Nottingham, England, May 30, 1792).

^[1] Frazier, Mission Smart, 130.

^[1] Ibid., 84.

^[1] Leaf, Switch On Your Brain, 72.

^[1] Furtick, Crash the Chatterbox, 107.

^[1] Letter from Mother Teresa to Archbishop Périer, December 18, 1960. Brian Kolodiejchuk, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light: The Private Writings of the Saint of Calcutta (The Crown Publishing Group, 2009), 15.

^[1] Mother Teresa, from the Mediterranean Sea to Blagovijest (the local Catholic magazine in Skopje), March 25, 1929.

^[1] Kolodiejchuk, Mother Teresa, 1.

^[1] Mother Teresa to Father Joseph Neuner, S.J., undated, most probably written during the retreat of April 1961.

^[1] Kolodiejchuk, Mother Teresa, 3-4.

^[1] Malcolm Muggeridge, Something Beautiful for God (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 18.

^[1] Moffat, The Life of Robert Moffat of South Africa, 183-185.

[1] H. K. W. Kumm, African Missionary Heroes and Heroines (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1917), 173.

^[1] Thanksgiving addresses delivered to Dr. Robert Moffat by Reverend Henry Grey, Reverend W. Lindsay Alexander, and Reverend Dr. Brown, Broughton Place Church, November 3, 1842. Moffat, The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat, 161.

[1] J. E. Chambliss, The Life and Labors of David Livingstone (Hubbard Bros., 1875), 313.

^[1] Ethel Daniels Hubbard, The Moffats (New York: Missionary Education Movement of the United States and Canada, 1917), 286-287.

^[1] Hubbard, The Moffats, 288-290.

^[1] Kumm, African Missionary Heroes and Heroines, 190-191.

^[1] Moffat, The Life of Robert Moffat of South Africa, xiii-ix.

^[1] Ibid., xiii.

Chapter 5: Social Influence Back to Top

^[1] Luke 9:23.

^[1] John 6:66.

^[1] Matthew 10:38, New International Version.

^[1] Galatians 2:20, English Standard Version.

^[1] Jackie Pullinger, “The Principle of the Gospel by Jackie Pullinger,” Women of Christianity, July 9, 2021, https://womenofchristianity.com/the-principle-of-the-gospel-by-jackie-pullinger/.

^[1] Elisabeth Elliot, A Chance to Die: The Life and Legacy of Amy Carmichael (Old Tappan, NJ: F. H. Revell Co., 1987), 176; Frank Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur: The Story of a Lover and Her Beloved (Fort Washington, PA: Christian Literature Crusade, 1953), 86.

^[1] Charles Goddard, “The Clearance” in Greg Girard, Ian Lambot, City of Darkness: Life in Kowloon Walled City (Watermark, 1999), 208–11.

[1] Crash Course, “Social Influence: Crash Course Psychology #38,” YouTube video, November 12, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGxGDdQnC1Y. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_social_influence.

[1] Crash Course, “Social Influence.” See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformity.

[1] Ibid. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupthink.

^[1] Solomon E. Asch, “Opinions and Social Pressure,” Scientific American 193, no. 5 (November 1955), https://www.scribd.com/doc/249982831/Asch-1955.

^[1] Irving L. Janis, Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1972), 9.

^[1] Romans 12:2, New International Version.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jacob Bennett, June 6, 2018.

^[1] John 17:14, 16.

^[1] David Mathis, “Let’s Revise the Popular Phrase ‘In, But Not Of,’” Desiring God, August 29, 2012, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/lets-revise-the-popular-phrase-in-but-not-of.

^[1] John 17:14-18, English Standard Version.

^[1] Mathis, “Let’s Revise the Popular Phrase.”

^[1] 1 Peter 2:9.

^[1] Jackie Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon: One Woman’s Struggle Against the Darkness of Hong Kong’s Drug Dens (Hodder and  Stoughton, 1980), 36.

^[1] Dan Nosowitz, “Life Inside The Most Densely Populated Place On Earth [Infographic],” Popular Science, April 19, 2013, https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/life-inside-most-densely-populated-place-earth-infographic.

^[1] Elizabeth Sinn, “Kowloon Walled City: Its Origin and Early History,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 27 (1987).

^[1] Goddard, “The Clearance.”

^[1] Nosowitz, “Life Inside.”

^[1] Diana Preston, The Boxer Rebellion (Bloomsbury Publishing, USA, 2000), 370. Claude MacDonald, the British representative during the convention, picked a ninety-nine-year lease because he thought it was “as good as forever.”

^[1] Peter Wesley Smith, Unequal Treaty 1898-1997: China, Great Britain, and Hong Kong’s New Territories (Oxford University Press, 1998), 12.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 38.

^[1] Ibid., 39.

^[1] Ibid., 44.

^[1] Ibid., 40.

^[1] Jackie Pullinger, Crack In the Wall: Life and Death in Kowloon Walled City (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1989), 16.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 48.

^[1] This phrase is attributed to Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in Robert J. Furey, The Joy of Kindness (New York: Crossroad, 1993), 138. It is attributed to G. I. Gurdjieff in Moira Timms, Beyond Prophecies and Predictions: Everyone’s Guide to The Coming Changes (Random House Publishing Group, 1993), 62. Neither author cites a source. The phrase was widely popularized by Wayne Dyer, who often quoted it in his presentations, crediting it to Chardin, as did Stephen Covey in Living the 7 Habits: Stories of Courage and Inspiration (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 47.

^[1] Colossians 3:2.

^[1] “51% of Churchgoers,” Barna Group.

^[1] “Is Evangelism Going Out of Style?” Barna Group.

^[1] The author’s interview with Todd Tillinghast, June 7, 2018.

^[1] Basil Miller, William Carey: The Father of Modern Missions (Bethany House Publishers, 1985), 31-32.

^[1] J. Hudson Taylor, A Retrospect (Toronto: China Inland Mission, 1902), 8-9.

^[1] Moffat, The Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat, 289.

^[1] Grubb, C. T. Studd, 196.

^[1] Frazier, Mission Smart, 130.

^[1] John 15:5.

^[1] Matthew 6:33.

[1] The author’s interview with Steve Schirmer, April 15, 2018.

^[1] Steve Schirmer, April 15, 2018.

^[1] Sarita Hartz, “The Need for a New Missions Paradigm,” Sarita Hartz, September 29, 2015, http://www.saritahartz.com/the-need-for-a-new-missions-paradigm/.

^[1] John 13:35, The Message Translation.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 45.

^[1] Sam Hailes, “Jackie Pullinger: ‘We’re Going to Feel Stupid for Eternity if We Waste This Life,’” Premier Christianity, December 10, 2018, https://www.premierchristianity.com/interviews/jackie-pullinger-were-going-to-feel-stupid-for-eternity-if-we-waste-this-life/1488.article.

^[1] José Luis González-Balado, Mother Teresa: In My Own Words (Liguori Publications, 1997), 23.

^[1] Matthew 13:31-32.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 83.

^[1] Ibid., 56-57.

^[1] Annie Le Blanc, “Chinese Triads Part 2,” WebCite, cached October 19, 2009, https://www.webcitation.org/5keWc8Z47?url=http://www.geocities.com/leixiaojie/Triads2.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 86.

^[1] Ibid., 105.

^[1] Ibid., 246.

^[1] Staff Reporter, “Work to Start on Slum Area,” South China Morning Post, March 19, 1993, http://www.scmp.com/article/22682/work-start-slum-area.

^[1] David Joannes, The Space Between Memories: Recollections from a 21st Century Missionary (Prescott, AZ: Within Reach Global, 2016), 4.

^[1] Staff Reporter, “Walled City’s Transformation Sparks Hopes for Other Sites,” South China Morning Post, December 23, 1995, http://www.scmp.com/article/143914/walled-citys-transformation-sparks-hopes-other-sites.

^[1] “Our Story,” St. Stephen’s Society, accessed June 10, 2018, http://www.ststephenssociety.com/en/story.php. The original Hang Fook Camp (in English, “House of Blessing”) was a collection of tin huts on a plot of land in the poorest part of Hong Kong. Many of the hundreds of addicts who withdrew from drugs in various homes all over Hong Kong later came to live with Jackie at the camp.

^[1] Jacob Baynham, “Hong Kong Missionary Uses Intensive Prayer to Help Heroin Addicts,” SFGate, December 14, 2007, https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Hong-Kong-missionary-uses-intensive-prayer-to-3235012.php.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 237.

^[1] “Jackie Pullinger’s Jubilee Year in Hong Kong,” St. Stephen’s Society, accessed June 10, 2018, http://www.ststephenssociety.com/en/jubilee.php.

^[1] Pullinger, Chasing the Dragon, 56.

Chapter 6: A Posture of Expectancy Back to Top

^[1] The Oxford American College Dictionary is the definition provider for Google Dictionary.

^[1] Eugene Peterson, A Long Obedience in the Same Direction (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1980/2000), 144.

^[1] Bradley Bell, “Expectations vs. Expectancy: The Fine Line of Missionary Attrition,” International Mission Board, September 20, 2017, https://www.imb.org/2017/09/20/expectations-vs-expectancy-fine-line-missionary-attrition/.

^[1] Psalm 119:166, The Message Translation.

^[1] Psalm 130:5, The Living Bible.

^[1] Roman 8:24-25, The Voice.

^[1] Andrew Marshall, The Trouser People: A Story of Burma in the Shadow of the Empire (Washington DC: Counterpoint, 2002), 238.

^[1] Patrick Winn, “Myanmar: Ending the World’s Longest-Running Civil War,” The World, July 30, 2016, https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/31/myanmar-ending-world-s-longest-running-civil-war.

^[1] Jane Li, “Who and What Are Behind Myanmar’s Long-Running Civil War on China’s Doorstep?” South China Morning Post, November 21, 2016, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2047966/who-and-what-are-behind-myanmars-long-running-civil-war.

^[1] Ivan Watson, Javed Iqbal, Manny Maung, “Myanmar’s Hidden War,” CNN, November 11, 2015, https://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/11/asia/myanmar-shan-rebels-civil-war/index.html.

^[1] Winn, “Myanmar.”

^[1] “David Eubank on War Zone Ministry,” Fuller Studio, January 22, 2018, http://www.freeburmarangers.org/2018/01/22/fuller-studio-david-eubank-war-zone-ministry/.

^[1] “Global Day of Prayer for Burma,” Free Burma Rangers, 2017, http://www.freeburmarangers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2017-DOP-LowRes.pdf.

^[1] “David Eubank on War Zone Ministry,” Fuller Studio.

^[1] Free Burma Rangers, “Who We Are,” Free Burma Rangers, accessed May 24, 2018, http://www.freeburmarangers.org/who-we-are/.

^[1] Tegan Taylor, “The Man Who Willingly Takes His Family to War,” ABC Australia, September 4, 2017, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-04/david-eubank-man-who-willingly-takes-his-family-to-war/8867792.

^[1] “Free Burma Rangers,” Wikipedia, accessed May 24, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Burma_Rangers.

^[1] “Free Burma Rangers, A Feature Documentary Film,” Deidox, accessed May 24, 2018, https://deidox.org/watch-fbr/.

^[1] Taylor, “The Man Who Willingly Takes His Family to War.”

^[1] BBC News World Service. “I Brought My Family With Me to Mosul.” BBC News World Service, July 16, 2017.  http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p058vpw5.

^[1] Taylor, “The Man Who Willingly Takes His Family to War.”

^[1] “Trailblazers Series,” Christian Focus Publications, accessed May 24, 2018, https://www.christianfocus.com/.

^[1] Matthew 10:37, New International Version.

^[1] David Platt Radical, “The Gospel Demands Radical Sacrifice,” YouTube video, March 16, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcdCPzXsI5Y.

^[1] Sahale Eubank, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCidZ46cYu4RbGqGjnIgoUKw/featured.

^[1] Sahale Eubank, “Not Alone: White Monkey in Kurdistan,” YouTube video, April 4, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsvNA4eXDUk.

^[1] Sahale Eubank (@alaskanmonkey), Instagram, https://www.instagram.com/alaskanmonkey/.

^[1] Suuzanne Eubank (@suu_eubank), Instagram, https://www.instagram.com/suu_eubank/.

[1] Eubank (@suu_eubank).

^[1] Taylor, “The Man Who Willingly Takes His Family to War.”

^[1] Eubank, “Not Alone.”

^[1] Matthew 7:12, New International Version.

^[1] David Eubank, Do This for Love: Free Burma Rangers in the Battle of Mosul (Fidelis Books, 2020), 264.

^[1] Eubank, Do This for Love, 65.

^[1] Ibid., 254.

^[1] Ibid., 269.

^[1] Ibid., 270.

^[1] The Mosul Study Group, “What the Battle for Mosul Teaches the Force,” U.S. Army, September 2017, https://www.armyupress.army.mil/portals/7/primer-on-urban-operation/documents/mosul-public-release1.pdf.

^[1] Eubank, Do This for Love, 307.

^[1] Ibid., 311.

^[1] Mark Hodge, “‘My Heart Is Full’: Hero Aid Worker Is Reunited With Little Iraqi Girl, 5, He Rescued From ISIS Sniper Who Had Killed Her Mother,” The Sun, December 21, 2017, https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5065499/aid-worker-dave-eubank-reunited-iraqi-girl-rescued-isis-sniper-mosul/.

^[1] Eubank, Do This for Love, 314.

^[1] Isaiah 26:3.

^[1] Psalm 46:10, New International Version.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 12:9-10, New International Version.

^[1] “David Eubank on War Zone Ministry,” Fuller Studio.

^[1] Ibid.

Chapter 7: Physical Difficulties Back to Top

1 Ripken, Lewis, The Insanity of God, 78.
2 Ibid., 130-131.
3 Ibid., 135-136.
4 Nikolaus Zinzendorf, “The Servants of Christ.”
5 Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission: The Growth of a Work of God (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1918), 105.
6 A. J. Broomhall, Survivors’ Pact: Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century, Book 4 (Hodder & Stoughton and OMF Books, 1988), 291.
7 Ripken, Lewis, The Insanity of God, 136.
8 Brian P. Hogan, There’s a Sheep in My Bathtub: Birth of a Mongolian Church Planting Movement (Asteroidea Books, 2008), 155.
9 Hogan, There’s a Sheep in My Bathtub, 151.

^[1] Ibid., 250.

^[1] Elliot, A Chance to Die, 176; Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 86.

^[1] David Platt, Radical: Taking Back Your Faith From the American Dream (Multnomah, 2010), 181.

[1] “World Watch List 2024,” Open Doors, accessed January 29, 2024, https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/countries/.

[1] “World Watch List: Trends,” Open Doors, accessed January 29, 2024, https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/persecution-trends/.

^[1] Acts 20:24, The Passion Translation.

^[1] George Verwer, “Ten Reasons Why Missionaries Leave the Field and Don’t Return,” Mobilizer’s Forum, January 22, 2003.

^[1] “The Sad Facts About Missionary Attrition,” Paracletos, March 25, 2015, https://paracletos.org/the-sad-facts-about-missionary-attrition/.

[1] William Taylor, Too Valuable to Lose: Exploring the Causes and Cures of Missionary Attrition (Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1997), xv.

^[1] Taylor, Too Valuable to Lose, 92-93.

^[1] Samuel M. Zwemer, The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia (Cornell University Library, 1918), 222-223.

^[1] “Your Amazing Brain,” Your Amazing Brain, accessed March 3, 2018, http://www.youramazingbrain.org/.

^[1] George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 3.

^[1] Martin J. Gannon, “Cultural Metaphors: Their Use in Management Practice as a Method for Understanding Cultures,” International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, vol. 7, issue 1, November 1, 2011, https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=orpc.

^[1] Gannon, “Cultural Metaphors.”

^[1] Peter J. Buckley, Michael Z. Brooke, International Business Studies: An Overview (Blackwell Publishing, 1992), 528.

^[1] Germaine W. Shames, United Airlines Hemispheres, February, 1995, 39–40.

^[1] William D. Taylor, “Mission Frontiers’ Missionary Attrition Series, Part 1,” Mission Frontiers, July 1, 1999, http://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/mission-frontiers-missionary-attrition-series-part-1.

[1] Taylor, Too Valuable to Lose, 96.

[1] Craig Thompson, “Is Conflict With Teammates Really the Top Reason for Missionaries Leaving the Field?” A Life Overseas, July 28, 2017, http://www.alifeoverseas.com/is-conflict-with-teammates-really-the-top-reason-for-missionaries-leaving-the-field/.

[1] Katie Rowe, “Closer to the Truth About Current Missionary Attrition: An Initial Analysis of Results,” A Life Overseas, April 16, 2018, http://www.alifeoverseas.com/closer-to-the-truth-about-current-missionary-attrition-an-initial-analysis-of-results/.

[1] Rowe, “Closer to the Truth.”

^[1] Ripken, Lewis, The Insanity of God, 1.

^[1] Ibid., “Prologue.”

^[1] Ibid., 19.

^[1] Ibid., 6.

^[1] Ibid., 44, 45.

^[1] Keith B. Richburg, “War-Torn Southern Sudan Called ‘Another Somalia,’” The Washington Post, February 12, 1993, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/02/12/war-torn-southern-sudan-called-another-somalia/46177fa9-9cf3-460b-a2fa-163de5ef6e94/.

^[1] United Nations, “Somalia – United Nations Operation in Somalia 1,” United Nations, updated March 21, 1997, https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unosom1backgr2.html.

^[1] “Security Council Resolution 794,” United Nations, April 24, 1992, paragraph 3.

^[1] Ripken, Lewis, The Insanity of God, 127.

^[1] Ibid., 154.

^[1] Ibid., 158.

^[1] Ibid., 196.

^[1] Ibid., 198-200.

^[1] Ibid., 263-264.

^[1] Nik Ripken Ministries, “About,” Nik Ripken Ministries, accessed March 5, 2018, http://www.nikripken.com/about/.

^[1] Clare Bruce, “What Aussie Christians Can Learn from Persecuted Believers,” Hope 103.2, November 22, 2016, https://hope1032.com.au/stories/faith/2016/aussie-christians-can-learn-persecuted-church/.

^[1] Ripken, Lewis, The Insanity of God, 271-272.

^[1] Colossians 1:27.

^[1] Hebrew 11:14-16, The Message Translation.

^[1] Romans 8:35-39, New International Version.

Chapter 8: Emotional Struggles Back to Top

^[1] Miller, William Carey, 21; 34.

^[1] Ibid., 18.

^[1] Ruth A. Tucker, “William Carey’s Less-Than-Perfect Family Life,” Christianity History Institute, Issue 36, 1992, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/william-careys-less-than-perfect-family-life.

^[1] Miller, William Carey, 29.

^[1] Miller, William Carey, 31-32.

^[1] William Carey, An Enquiry Into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens in which the Religious State of the Different Nations of the World, the Success of Former Undertakings, and the Practicability of Further Undertakings, are Considered (Leicester, Ann Ireland, 1792).

^[1] Carey, “The Deathless Sermon.”

^[1] Miller, William Carey, 41.

^[1] Peter Morden, Offering Christ to the World: Andrew Fuller (1754–1815) and the Revival of Eighteenth Century Particular Baptist Life, Studies in Baptist History and Thought 8 (Carlisle: Paternoster, 2003), 136; Miller, William Carey, 41-42.

^[1] J. N. Ogilvie, The Apostles of India (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1915), 296.

^[1] T. Wright, William Carey (London: Pearce, 1896), 5.

^[1] Charlotte Mary Yonge, Pioneers and Founders, or, Recent Workers in the Mission Field (London: Macmillan, 1871), 97.

^[1] R. E. Speer, Some Great Leaders in the World Movement (New York: Fleming Revell, 1911), 61-62.

^[1] From the unsigned introduction to the 1891 facsimile edition of William Carey, Enquiry (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1792), xxii.

^[1] Dr. Thomas Dow, review of James R. Beck, Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992), https://m.moam.info/the-tragic-and-untold-story-of-mrs-william-carey-bethel-college_5a13e7e71723ddb7810a8a9d.html.

^[1] For those seeking a comprehensive account of Dorothy Carey’s life, James Beck’s book provides the most assiduously researched and unbiased perspective on the subject, in my opinion. Beck, Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey.

^[1] Mary Drewery, William Carey: A Biography (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1978), 33.

^[1] Beck, Dorothy Carey, 29.

^[1] Eustace Carey, Memoir of William Carey (London: Jackson and Walford, 1838), 34.

^[1] Miller, William Carey, 43.

^[1] Ibid.

^[1] Ibid., 42.

^[1] Ibid., 45.

^[1] Ibid., 45-46.

^[1] Ibid., 48.

^[1] F. Deaville Walker, William Carey: Missionary Pioneer and Statesman (London: Student Christian Movement, 1926), 126.

[1] William Carey’s journal entry, September 1-October 11, 1794.

[1] Tucker, “William Carey’s Less-Than-Perfect Family Life.”

[1] James R. Beck, “Dorothy’s Devastating Delusions,” Christianity History Institute, Issue 36, 1992, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/dorothys-devastating-delusions.

[1] Beck, Dorothy Carey, 180.

^[1] Tom Payne, The Template of Time: Our Destiny Decoded (iUniverse, Inc., 2013), 132.

^[1] William Carey’s journal entry, December 8, 1807.

^[1] H. Leon McBeth, The Baptist Heritage (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1987), 186.

^[1] Pseudonyms. I included their actual names, with permission, in the first edition of The Mind of a Missionary but decided to use fictitious names in the second edition, concerned that the inclusion of their story may paint them in a negative light.

[1] The author’s interview with Diane Foster, March 13, 2018.

[1] Foster, March 13, 2018.

[1] Sarita Hartz, “A Missionary’s Story of PTSD and Healing,” Sarita Hartz, June 29, 2017, http://www.saritahartz.com/a-missionarys-story-of-ptsd-and-healing/.

^[1] Joan Carter, “Missionary Stressors and Implications for Care,” Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27, no. 2 (1999): 171-180.

^[1] JIBC. “The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.” Justice Institute of BC, Centre for Leadership, August 4, 2016, https://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/community_social_justice/pdf/cl/Life_Stress_Self_Assessment_(Holmes_and_Rahe).pdf.

^[1] Dr. Ronald Koteskey, “What Missionaries Ought to Know About Burnout,” Missionary Care, http://www.missionarycare.com/burnout.html.

^[1] Koteskey, “What Missionaries Ought to Know.”

[1] Foster, March 13, 2018.

[1] Miller, William Carey, 50.

[1] McBeth, The Baptist Heritage, 186.

[1] Stetzer, “Involving All of God’s People.”

[1] The author’s interview with Michelle Blackman (a pseudonym), March 12, 2018.

[1] The author’s interview with Claire Henderson, March 12, 2018.

[1] Mike Pettengill, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

[1] Andrew Braze, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 25, 2017.

[1] Cornelius Groenewald, The Mind of a Missionary Survey, submitted February 27, 2017.

[1] Platt, Urbana 15.

^[1] Matthew 11:28, New Living Translation.

^[1] Matthew 28:18-20, New International Version.

[1] Foster, March 13, 2018.

[1] Beck, Dorothy Carey, 123.

^[1] John Piper, Andrew Fuller: Holy Faith, Worthy Gospel, World Mission (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016), 15.

^[1] Stephen Neill, A History of Christian Missions (New York: Penguin, 1964), 571.

^[1] J. B. Myers, William Carey: The Shoemaker Who Became the Father and Founder of Modern Missions (Fleming D. Rebell Company, 1887), 98.

^[1] George Smith, The Life of William Carey, D. D.: Shoemaker and Missionary (London: J. Murray, 1885), 149-151.

^[1] Vishal Mangalwadi, The Legacy of William Carey: A Model for the Transformation of a Culture (Crossway Books, 1999), 24–25.

^[1] Iain H. Murray, The Puritan Hope: Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy (The Banner of Truth Trust, 1975), 140.

^[1] Smith, The Life of William Carey, vii.

^[1] Ruth Mangalwadi, William Carey and the Regeneration of India (Mussourie: Nivedit Good Books, 1997), 26.

Chapter 9: Spiritual Adversities Back to Top

1 Taylor, A Retrospect, 45.
2 Stephen R. Platt, Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012), xxiii; Cao Shuji, Zhongguo Renkou Shi [A History of China’s Population] (Shanghai: Fudan Daxue Chubanshe, 2001), 455, 509.
3 Taylor, A Retrospect, 47.
4 Taylor, A Retrospect, 5.
5 Ibid., 7.
6 Ibid., 8.
7 Walter Henry Medhurst, China: It’s State and Prospects, with Special Reference to the Spread of the Gospel, Containing Allusions to the Antiquity, Extent, Population, Civilization, Literature, and Religion of the Chinese (Crocker & Brewster, 1838).
8 Taylor, A Retrospect, 8-9.
9 Ibid., 12.
10 Ibid., 14.
11 The author’s interview with Kathy Balcombe, March 24, 2018.
12 The author’s interview with Kathy Balcombe, March 24, 2018.
13 Emil Brunner, The Word and the World (London: Student Christian Movement Press, 1931), 108.

^[1] A. J. Broomhall, Assault on the Nine: Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century, Book 6 (Hodder & Stoughton and OMF Books, 1988), 189.

^[1] Hudson Taylor, Hudson Taylor’s Choice Sayings: A Compilation from His Writings and Addresses (London: China Inland Mission), 13.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 90.

^[1] A. J. Broomhall, Over the Treaty Wall: Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century, Book 2 (Hodder & Stoughton and OMF Books, 1982), 362.

^[1] A. J. Broomhall, Refiner’s Fire: Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century, Book 5 (Hodder & Stoughton and OMF Books, 1985), 57.

^[1] Taylor, A Retrospect, 105.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 10.

^[1] Ephesians 6:12, New International Version.

^[1] Ephesians 2:22.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jonathan English, March 23, 2018.

^[1] The author’s interview with Steve Braselton, March 22, 2018.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 279.

^[1] This phrase is attributed to Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in Robert J. Furey, The Joy of Kindness (New York: Crossroad, 1993), 138. It is attributed to G. I. Gurdjieff in Moira Timms, Beyond Prophecies and Predictions: Everyone’s Guide to The Coming Changes (Random House Publishing Group, 1993), 62. Neither author cites a source. The phrase was widely popularized by Wayne Dyer, who often quoted it in his presentations, crediting it to Chardin, as did Stephen Covey in Living the 7 Habits: Stories of Courage and Inspiration (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 47.

^[1] Romans 8:14.

^[1] Galatians 5:25.

^[1] Romans 12:1-2, New American Standard Bible.

^[1] A strong case for each of these strategies is made in Jerry Rankin, Ed Stetzer, Spiritual Warfare and Missions: The Battle for God’s Glory Among the Nations (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing), 2010).

^[1] 1 John 3:8b, New American Standard Bible.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 10:4-5, Amplified Bible, Classic Edition.

^[1] C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (HarperCollins, 1996), 61.

^[1] Lewis, The Screwtape Letters, 16.

^[1] Ibid., 25.

^[1] Ibid., 75-76.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 53.

^[1] Ibid., 30-31.

^[1] Ibid., 31.

^[1] Taylor, A Retrospect, 119-120.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor’s Choice Sayings, 52.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 33.

^[1] Ibid., 35-36.

^[1] Lyall, A Passion for the Impossible, 37.

^[1] From “The Voice of Thy Brother’s Blood” by Henry Grattan Guinness. Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 70.

^[1] John Pollock, Hudson Taylor and Maria: Pioneers in China (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962), 172.

^[1] “In regard to riots in China, the long-standing enmity of the literati [scholarly officials] of China to all things foreign must be remembered as well as the fact that the Chinese people were at that period ‘in the point of superstition very much where we were in the sixteenth century.’ Should the literati stir up the passions of the people by playing upon their superstitious fears, few officials had the moral courage as well as the ability to keep the peace for long, for their tenure of office was largely dependent upon the goodwill of the scholarly class. Du Halde tells of a book dated as early as 1624 which circulated the base and foolish charges of the foreigners kidnapping children, extracting their eyes, heart, and liver, etc., for medicine, and the Roman Catholic practice of extreme unction, and the habit of closing the eyes of the dead, may have given some basis for part of such a belief. In 1862, a book entitled Death-Blow to Corrupt Doctrine—a book republished at the time of the Tientsin massacre in 1870—brought forward similar charges. In 1866, Mr. S. R. Grundy, the Times correspondent in China, called attention to a proclamation extensively circulated in Hunan and the adjacent provinces. Clause VII of this proclamation read: ‘When a (Chinese) member of their religion (Roman Catholic) is on his deathbed, several of his co-religionists come and exclude his relatives while they offer prayers for his salvation. The fact is, while the breath is still in his body, they scoop out his eyes and cut out his heart, which they use in their country in the manufacture of false silver.’ In the riots of 1891, similar charges coupled with others of a more blasphemous nature were placarded throughout China, which were subsequently traced to a scholar resident in Changsha, the capital of Hunan.” Marshall Broomhall, The Jubilee Story of the China Inland Mission (London: Morgan & Scott, 1915), 56.

^[1] Pollock, Hudson Taylor and Maria, 183.

^[1] Ibid., 185-187.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 184.

^[1] Ibid., 189.

^[1] Charlotte Elliott, “O Holy Savior, Friend Unseen.” Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 195.

^[1] Taylor, Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission, 196.

^[1] Ibid., 196-197.

^[1] Lyall, A Passion for the Impossible, 5.

[1] “OMF and China Inland Mission (CIM) History,” OMF, accessed June 17, 2018, https://omf.org/about-omf/history/.

[1] OMF, “OMF and China Inland Mission (CIM) History.”

^[1] Jonathan Trotter, “The Idolatry of Missions,” A Life Overseas, November 9, 2014, http://www.alifeoverseas.com/the-idolatry-of-missions/.

^[1] Trotter, “The Idolatry of Missions.”

^[1] Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton University Press, 1949), 23.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jonathan Vickers, March 19, 2018.

^[1] Taylor, A Retrospect, 1-2.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jacob Bennett, March 19, 2018.

^[1] “Hudson Taylor: Source of Power,” Prevailing Intercessory Prayer, accessed February 17, 2024, https://www.path2prayer.com/famous-christians-their-lives-and-writings-including-free-books/j-hudson-taylor-pioneer-missionary-to-china/hudson-taylor-source-of-power.

^[1] It is worth noting that when Carnegie Hall celebrated its centenary in 1990, the program focused on significant prior events at the iconic venue: concerts, recitals, premieres, honored gatherings—every form of distinguished achievement. The New York Ecumenical Missionary Conference, which occurred from April 21 to May 1, 1900, was conspicuously absent from the list. The inability of the Carnegie Hall centenary campaign to include the conclave reflects fundamental shifts in religious ethos and cultural memory since 1900. The global mission endeavor is no longer held in high esteem as it once was. T. A. Askew, “The New York 1900 Ecumenical Missionary Conference: A Centennial Reflection,” International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 24(4) (2000), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/239693930002400401.

^[1] Hudson Taylor, “The Source of Power” (speech, Ecumenical Missionary Conference, Carnegie Hall, New York City, April 23, 1900). Andrew Murray, The Key to the Missionary Problem (London: James Nisbet, 1902), 96.

^[1] Prevailing Intercessory Prayer, “Hudson Taylor: Source of Power.”

^[1] Elliot, The Journals of Jim Elliot, 80.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 2:14, Amplified Bible, Classic Edition.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 2:14, Holman Christian Standard Bible.

^[1] Broomhall, Refiner’s Fire, 350.

Chapter 10: Joy on the Journey Back to Top

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Rose From Brier (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1933), 202.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 6.

^[1] Amy wrote a poem entitled “Jesus Always Answers” about her first memory as a child, which can be found in Amy Carmichael, Mountain Breezes: The Collected Poems of Amy Carmichael (Fort Washington, PA: Christian Literature Crusade, 1999), 406-407.

^[1] Carmichael, “Roses,” Mountain Breezes, 37.

^[1] Ibid., “Reassurance,” 300.

^[1] Ibid., “Lift Up Thy Heart,” 379.

^[1] Ibid., “The Lovely, Glad Seashore,” 424.

^[1] Ibid, “All One Way,” 180.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 114.

^[1] Carmichael, Things as They Are, 191.

^[1] Rebecca Henry Davis, With Daring Faith: A Biography of Amy Carmichael (Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1987), 127.

^[1] Davis, With Daring Faith, 130; J. (Hans) Kommers, Triumphant Love: The Contextual, Creative, and Strategic Missionary Work of Amy Beatrice Carmichael in South India (Cape Town: AOSIS, 2017), 470.

^[1] Carmichael, “Hear and Forgive,” Mountain Breezes, 140-141.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Amma’s Book: Amy’s Autobiography (in the Dohnavur library, unpublished), 13.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Candles in the Dark: Letters of Hope and Encouragement (Christian Literature Crusade, 1982), 104.

^[1] Charles Kingsley, “New Year’s Prayer,” Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 30.

^[1] Kommers, Triumphant Love, 34.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 44.

^[1] Ibid, 45.

^[1] Ibid.

^[1] Elliot, A Chance to Die, 176; Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 86.

^[1] Galatians 5:22.

^[1] Proverbs 17:22.

^[1] James 1:2, New Living Translation.

^[1] Nehemiah 8:10.

^[1] Isaiah 35:10.

^[1] Revelation 21:3-4, New International Version.

^[1] David Hazard, Amy Carmichael, I Come Quietly to Meet You: An Intimate Journey in God’s Presence (Bethany House, 2005), 79.

^[1] Murray, Amy Carmichael, 10.

^[1] A. J. Broomhall, It Is Not Death to Die!: Hudson Taylor and China’s Open Century, Book 7 (Hodder & Stoughton and OMF Books, 1989), 182. Here Broomhall adds: “The same Amy Carmichael was to become the ‘Amma’ of Dohnavur, the lifelong friend of the [China Inland Mission].’”

^[1] Amy Carmichael, From Sunrise Land: Letters from Japan (London: Marshall Brothers, 1895), 92.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 73.

^[1] Kommers, Triumphant Love, 134.

^[1] Carmichael, Amma’s Book, 25.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Raj, Brigand Chief: The True Story of an Indian Robin Hood Driven by Persecution to Dacoity; An Account of His Life of Daring Feats of Strength, Escapes & Tortures, His Robbery of the Rich & Generosity to the Poor, His Sincere Conversion to Christianity & His Tragic End (London: Seeley, Service, 1927), 309.

^[1] Andrew Murray, That God May Be All in All: My Pilgrimage of Love (Bridge-Logos Publishers, 2013), 404. See also Andrew Murray, Andrew Murray at Keswick: Three Unrevised Talks Given in 1895 (Wamboin, Australia: Clairview House, 2014).

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 84.

^[1] Kommers, Triumphant Love, 148-149.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Though the Mountains Shake (New York: Loizeaux Brothers, 1946), 31.

^[1] Carmichael, Amma’s Book, 41.

^[1] Murray, The Puritan Hope, 140-141.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 86.

^[1] The Keswick Convention Mission Minute Book (KCMMB), August 5, 1896.

^[1] Carmichael, Candles in the Dark, 104.

^[1] Kommers, Triumphant Love, 180.

^[1] Pat Barr, The Dust in the Balance: British Women in India, 1905-1945 (Hamish Hamilton, 1989), 102.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, The Continuation of a Story (London: Dohnavur Fellowship, 1914), 37.

^[1] This was in a time when Indian converts to Christianity had to adopt English dress, English customs, and English names. This is illustrative of the Victorian fear of “going native,” which was seen as the opposite of the “civilizing” aspect of mission work.

^[1] Twenty-year-old Amy Carmichael in Scraps, a Carmichael family magazine, beautifully handwritten, illustrated, and published monthly for family and friends. It was Amy who proposed a family journal. The object of Scraps was “for the improvement and amusement of the members” (Scraps, March 18, 1887 onwards). Amy signed all her contributions with the pseudonym “Nobody.” This quote is also found in Sam Wellman, Amy Carmichael: For the Children of India (Heroes of the Faith) (Uhrichville, OH: Barbour Publishing, 1998), 32-33.

^[1] Philippians 2:15-16, New International Version.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Ponnammal, Her Story (London, 1918), 12.

^[1] Isabella Lilias Trotter, A Life on Fire (London: Marshall Brothers, 1888), 9; Blanche A. F. Pigott, I. Lilias Trotter: Founder of the Algiers Mission Band (London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott, 1930), 54.

^[1] Hebrews 12:2, New American Standard Bible (emphasis added).

^[1] Carmichael, Candles in the Dark, 104.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 114.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Lotus Buds (Morgan & Scott Ld., 1909), 249.

^[1] Katherine Mayo, Mother India (G. A. Natesan & Co., 1927), 52.

^[1] Carmichael, Things as They Are, 226, 229, 234.

^[1] Carmichael, Lotus Buds, 71.

^[1] Ibid., 257.

^[1] Carmichael, The Continuation of a Story, 10.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Overweights of Joy (London: Morgan & Scott, 1906), 174.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 114.

^[1] Eliza F. Kent, Converting Women: Gender and Protestant Christianity in Colonial South India (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 224.

^[1] Kumari Jayawardena, The White Woman’s Other Burden: Western Women and South Asia During British Colonial Rule (Routledge, 1995), 94-95.

^[1] Carmichael, Candles in the Dark, 100.

^[1] Carmichael, Overweights of Joy, vii-viii.

^[1] Carmichael, Amma’s Book, 45.

^[1] BBC broadcaster Margaret Wilkinson one day visited Dr. Mutthu Laksmi at Adayar in the Madras. The first thing that caught her attention in Laksmi’s room was a small photo of Amy Carmichael hanging on her wall. When asked why the photo was there, Laksmi said it was “through Amma that she had first seen the temple women were a blot on her religion. After her study in Europe, she decided to seek election to the legislature in Madras. Her special concern was to see an Act passed which would really deal with the evil of the Devadasi system and put an end to the giving of children to temple houses.” Margaret Wilkinson, At BBC Corner I Remember Amy Carmichael, (1996), 91.

^[1] Kommers, Triumphant Love, 212.

[1] Carmichael, Gold Cord, 158; Elliot, A Chance to Die, 85.

^[1] The author’s interview with Andy Lepper, May 3, 2018.

^[1] The author’s interview with Amy Rhodes, May 8, 2018.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Toward Jerusalem (London: Triangle, 1987), 94; Carmichael, Gold Cord, Introduction.

^[1] John 3:30, The Message Translation.

^[1] Matthew 5:16, New King James Version.

^[1] Hebrews 11:13-16, New International Version.

^[1] Carmichael, Rose From Brier, 32.

^[1] Carmichael, Ponnammal, 44.

^[1] Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur, 153-154.

^[1] Père Didon, trans. Authur G. Nash, The Spiritual Letters of Père Didon, O. S. D. (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1906), 28.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Thou Givest They Gather (CLC Ministries, 1982), 69.

^[1] Amy Carmichael, Ragland, Pioneer (Madras: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1922), 91.

^[1] Carmichael, Candles in the Dark, 98.

^[1] Ibid., 97.

^[1] Matthew 25:23, New King James Version.

^[1] Matthew 25:34-40.

^[1] Elisabeth Elliot, Amy Carmichael: God’s Missionary (Christian Literature Crusade, 1997), 52.

^[1] The pattern of God’s Garden in Dohnavur followed the plan of the earliest Quaker burial grounds which had no markers. See Michael L. Birkel, Silence and Witness: The Quaker Tradition (Traditions of Christian Spirituality) (Orbis Books, 2004), 111.

Chapter 11: Breakthrough in Ministry Back to Top

^[1] Don Richardson, Peace Child: An Unforgettable Story of Primitive Jungle Treachery in the 20th Century (Glendale, CA: Regal Books, 1974), 90.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 82.

^[1] Ibid., 87.

[1] “The Church Missionary Review,” vo. 52 (1901): 875.

^[1] Platt, “Urgency of Missions.”

[1] Winter, Hawthorne, Perspectives on the World Christian Movement, 9.

^[1] John Piper, Let the Nations Be Glad!: The Supremacy of God in Missions (Baker Academic, third edition, 2010; first edition, 1999), 15.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 34.

^[1] Ibid., 89.

^[1] Ibid., 90.

^[1] Ibid., 93-94.

^[1] Ibid., 96-97.

^[1] “Hai Tanahku Papua” is the national anthem of the Republic of West Papua (New Guinea).

^[1] The Morning Star flag served as a supplemental banner to the Dutch flag in Netherlands New Guinea. It was first raised on December 1, 1961, before the territory was placed under the administration of the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) on October 1, 1962.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 56.

^[1] Stonebridge Church, “Cultural Compasses – Guest Speaker Don Richardson,” YouTube video, January 19, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDf3HpC9yms.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 139.

^[1] Stonebridge Church, “Cultural Compasses.”

^[1] A. Scott Moreau, The Evangelical Dictionary of Missions (Baker Book House, 2000), 252.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 178.

^[1] David Joannes, See the City: Hope for the Bruised, Battered, and Broken-Hearted (Prescott, AZ: Within Reach Global, 2023), 18.

^[1] Romans 3:23-24, New Century Version; The Message Translation.

^[1] Genesis 12:1-3, New International Version.

^[1] Don Richardson, Eternity in Their Hearts (Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 1984), 160.

^[1] Richardson, “Cultural Compasses.”

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 10.

^[1] Ethel R. Nelson, co-author of The Discovery of Genesis, wrote, “My personal study into the history of the written Chinese language through various treatises in English found at Harvard’s Chinese-Japanese Yenching Library gave its approximate time of origin as 2500 B.C. this dating is provocative, for it coincides quite closely with the time (2218 B.C.) of the great dispersion of races from the tower of Babel, as calculated from the biblical genealogies in a recent chronological study.” C. H. Kang, Ethel R. Nelson, The Discovery of Genesis (Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1979), xiii.

[1] Romans 1:19-20, New International Version.

^[1] John 3:14-15, New International Version.

^[1] Acts 17:22-23, New International Version.

^[1] Richardson, Eternity in Their Hearts, 161.

[1] Jiraphon Serithai, “God of the Thai: How One Movement Overcomes the Perception of a Foreign God,” Mission Frontiers, issue November-December, “The Fingerprints of God in Buddhism” (November 1, 2014), http://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/god-of-the-thai.

^[1] Serithai, “God of the Thai.”

^[1] Philip Bassham, “John 3:16 From a Thai Buddhist Worldview – Total Opposite!,” Project Thailand, January 4, 2011, https://projectthailand.net/2011/01/04/john-316-from-a-thai-buddhist-worldview-total-opposite/.

^[1] “The analogy of being,” or analogia entis, is defined more thoroughly in Thomas Aquinas’ teachings. Summa Theologiae, 1a.13.1-6 addresses the key points, however there is no one source that lays forth Aquinas’ doctrine clearly and concisely. The contemporary selection/translation can be found in Thomas Aquinas, Timothy McDermott, Aquinas: Selected Philosophical Writings (Oxford World’s Classics) (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 214-228.

^[1] The author’s interview with Ben Fa’alafi Jones, May 14, 2018.

^[1] H. Richard Niebuhr’s Christ and Culture is frequently cited in discussions and publications about Christians’ responses to global culture. Niebuhr proposes five paradigms for comprehending Christ’s connection with culture: Christ Against Culture, Christ of Culture, and Christ Above Culture (a paradigm that contains the last two as subsets: Christ and Culture in Paradox and Christ Transforming Culture). H. Richard Niebuhr, Christ and Culture (Harper & Row, 1951).

^[1] Joshua Project, “Global Statistics,” Joshua Project, accessed May 29, 2018, https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/statistics.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 192.

^[1] Ibid., 192.

^[1] Broomhall, Refiner’s Fire, 350.

[1] Clark, The Missions of the Church Missionary Society and the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society in the Punjab and Sindh, 70-71.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 206.

^[1] Isaiah 9:6.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, 233.

^[1] Ibid., 10.

^[1] Ibid., 234.

^[1] John 14:12, New Living Translation.

^[1] The author’s interview with Steve Richardson, son of Don and Carol Richardson and President of Pioneers USA, March 15, 2024.

^[1] 1 Corinthians 2:9, New King James Version.

^[1] “Never the Same,” Pioneers, accessed May 29, 2018, https://www.pioneers.org/connect/connect-full-view/never-the-same.

^[1] “Never the Same,” Pioneers.

^[1] Richardson, Peace Child, Epilogue.

^[1] David Ranish, “Fifty Years Later, ‘Peace Child’ Tribe Still Following Christ,” Mission Network News, June 21, 2012, https://www.mnnonline.org/news/fifty-years-later-peace-child-tribe-still-following-christ/.

^[1] The author’s interview with Steve Richardson, son of Don and Carol Richardson and President of Pioneers USA, March 15, 2024.

^[1] Joshua Project, “Sawi Progress Report,” Joshua Project, accessed May 29, 2018, https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18881/ID.

^[1] “Never the Same,” Pioneers.

Chapter 12: The Kingdom of God on Earth Back to Top

^[1] Heidi Baker, Compelled By Love: How to Change the World Through the Simple Power of Love in Action (Charisma House, 2008), 49.

^[1] Josh Adkins, “I Was Wrong About Heidi Baker,” Christian Learning, October 16, 2019, https://www.christianlearning.com/i-was-wrong-about-heidi-baker/.

^[1] Bill Johnson, Compelled by Love, documentary directed by Shara Pradhan (Iris Global Films, 2014).

^[1] John 15:5.

^[1] Matthew 5:3, 5.

^[1] Heidi Baker, Birthing the Miraculous: The Power of Personal Encounters with God to Change Your Life and the World (Lake Mary, FL: Charisma House, 2014), 14.

^[1] Baker, Birthing the Miraculous, 15.

^[1] Ibid., 16.

^[1] Rolland Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] H. A. Baker, Visions Beyond the Veil (Monroeville, PA: Whitaker Books, 1973).

^[1] Rolland Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Heidi Baker, Rolland Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Reinhard Bonnke, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Baker, Compelled by Love, 9.

^[1] “The History of Iris,” Iris Global, accessed June 13, 2018, https://www.irisglobal.org/about/history.

^[1] Baker, Compelled By Love, 37.

^[1] Ibid., 32.

^[1] “The History of Iris,” Iris Global.

^[1] Baker, Compelled by Love, 13.

^[1] Heidi Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Together the four Gospels specifically mention God’s Kingdom eighty-six times in addition to other (oblique) references to it. The remainder of the New Testament, from Acts through Revelation, mentions God’s Kingdom many times.

^[1] BibleProject, “Why Is Jesus Always Talking About the Kingdom of God? – Gospel of the Kingdom Ep. 1,” YouTube video, November 30, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APEO0FNzwoM.

^[1] John Bright, The Kingdom of God: The Biblical Concept and Its Meaning for the Church (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953), 18.

^[1] Bright, The Kingdom of God, 197.

^[1] Isaiah 2:4; Amos 9:13.

^[1] Revelation 11:15.

^[1] Matthew 25:31-46.

^[1] Bright, The Kingdom of God, 216.

^[1] Noel Hornor, “Why Don’t People Understand the Kingdom of God?” Good News Magazine, September-October 1998, https://www.ucg.org/the-good-news/why-dont-people-understand-the-kingdom-of-god.

^[1] Luke 23:2; John 19:12.

^[1] Luke 11:20.

^[1] Luke 17:21.

^[1] Matthew 6:10.

^[1] John Piper, “Book Review of ‘The Kingdom of God’ by John Bright,” review of The Kingdom of God, by John Bright, Desiring God, February 1, 1975, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/book-review-of-the-kingdom-of-god-by-john-bright.

^[1] Bright, The Kingdom of God, 196.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jeshua Ting, May 25, 2018.

^[1] The two cities, Augustine said, were fashioned by two loves: the heavenly city by the love of God and the earthly city by the love of self. These symbolic “cities” are inextricably intertwined and often engaged in conflict. Moral decline destined the city of man to destruction. Only the wise recognize they are passing through this world as pilgrims. Saint Augustine, translated by Marcus Dods, The City of God (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2009), Book XIV, Chapter 28.

^[1] I highlighted these two realms—the city of God and the city of man—in my book See the City, which was primarily inspired by a young refugee of war in Myanmar called White Flower. David Joannes, See the City: Hope for the Bruised, Battered, and Broken-Hearted (Prescott, AZ: Within Reach Global, 2023).

^[1] Dallas Willard, The Divine Conspiracy: Rediscovering Our Hidden Life in God (San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins, 1998), 25-26.

^[1] The author’s interview with Jacob Bennet, May 25, 2018.

^[1] Piper, “The Kingdom.”

^[1] Luke 12:32, English Standard Version.

^[1] 2 Peter 1:11, New King James Version.

^[1] Philippians 2:6-8, New American Standard Version.

^[1] Philippians 2:3.

^[1] Matthew 6:33, New International Version.

^[1] Rolland Baker, Heidi Baker, There Is Always Enough: The Miraculous Move of God in Mozambique (Sovereign Publishing, 2003), 58.

^[1] CBN News, “Toronto Blessing: ‘The Greatest Thing That’s Happened in the Church in the Last 100 Years,’” YouTube video, June 22, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBOFgti-N24.

^[1] Baker, Compelled by Love, 1-2; also Heidi Baker, “Lay Down and Let Him Love You,” (sermon, Show Me Your Glory Conference, Toronto Airport Christian Fellowship, March 5, 2004, recording transcribed by Jennifer A. Miskov). To read this account from Randy Clark’s perspective, see Randy Clark, There Is More!: The Secret to Experiencing God’s Power to Change Your Life (Chosen Books, 2013), 116-117.

^[1] Bill Johnson, Defining Moments: God-Encounters with Ordinary People Who Changed the World (New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 2016), 278.

^[1] 2 Corinthians 2:14, Amplified Bible, Classic Edition.

^[1] UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, “Mozambique: Ross Mountain Praised Media’s Role and International Solidarity,” Reliefweb, March 17, 2000, https://reliefweb.int/report/mozambique/mozambique-ross-mountain-praised-medias-role-and-international-solidarity.

^[1] RSMC La Reunion (Report), “Cyclone Season 1999–2000,” Meteo-France, retrieved July 15, 2014, http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/publications/data/cSaisoncyclonique19992000.pdf.

^[1] “The History of Iris,” Iris Global.

^[1] Tim Stafford, “Miracles in Mozambique: How Mama Heidi Reaches the Abandoned,” Christianity Today, May 18, 2012, https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2012/may/miracles-in-mozambique.html.

^[1] Candy Gunther Brown, an associate professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Indiana University Bloomington, was so intrigued by claims of healing that she sought to verify them scientifically. She traveled to Mozambique to accompany Heidi Baker on outreaches, gathering data for a study titled “Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Proximal Intercessory Prayer (STEPP) on Auditory and Visual Impairments in Rural Mozambique.” Testing twenty-four Mozambicans before and after healing prayer—half performed by Baker—her team detected statistically significant improvements in hearing and vision. Brown’s team found similar results on an excursion to Brazil but testing at charismatic gatherings in North America did not yield significant results. The results were published in the September 2010 edition of the Southern Medical Journal (Volume 103, Issue 9, DOI 201009000-00005, pages 864-869). Indiana University, “Proximity Could Be Key to Success of Healing Prayer,” Newswise, August 3, 2010, https://www.newswise.com/articles/study-finds-proximity-could-be-key-to-success-of-healing-prayer.

^[1] Rolland Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Heidi Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Bill Johnson, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Cassandra Soars, “Heidi Baker: ‘A Modern-Day Mother Teresa,’” Charisma Magazine, May 11, 2016, https://www.charismamag.com/spirit/evangelism-missions/26027-heidi-baker-love-like-fire.

^[1] Mother Teresa, One Heart Full of Love (Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Publications, 1988), 87.

^[1] Heidi Baker, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] The author’s interview with Samantha Gordon, May 24, 2018.

^[1] The author’s interview with Brian Britton, May 29, 2018.

^[1] CNN. “Official: More Than 1M Child Prostitutes in India.” CNN, May 11, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/11/india.prostitution.children/index.html.; see also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_India.

^[1] Lyle Phillips, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] John 18:36.

^[1] Colossians 1:13.

^[1] Zechariah 4:6.

^[1] Lyle Phillips, Compelled by Love, documentary.

^[1] Baker, Compelled By Love, 44.

^[1] Bright, The Kingdom of God, 231.

^[1] Bright, The Kingdom of God, 264.

^[1] Matthew 22:35-40.

^[1] 1 Corinthians 2:16, New International Version.

^[1] Romans 12:2, New International Version.

[1] Clark, The Missions of the Church Missionary Society and the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society in the Punjab and Sindh, 70-71.

^[1] Despite my extensive research through Henry Martyn’s journals, letters, and publications, I was unable to locate the original citation for this sentence. Nevertheless, many authors attributed the quotation to him. See Arthur Judson Brown, The Why and How of Foreign Missions (New York: Young People’s Missionary Movement, 1908), 257-258; Martin H. Manser, The Westminster Collection of Christian Quotations (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001), 41; and Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary: New Testament Volume 1 (Colorado Springs, CO: Cook Communications Ministries, 2001), 456.

^[1] Baker, Birthing the Miraculous, 38-40.

Conclusion: Worship Back to Top

1 Matthew 28:18-20, New International Version.
2 Revelation 21:3-4.
3 Revelation 7:9.
4 Matthew 24:14, New International Version.
5 Randy Alcorn, Heaven: A Comprehensive Guide to Everything the Bible Says About Our Eternal Home (Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2011), 37.
6 Revelation 22:1-5.
7 Saint Teresa of Avila, The Way of Perfection (London: Thomas Baker, 1919), 159.
8 John Milton, quoted in James M. Campbell, Heaven Opened: A Book of Comfort and Hope (New York: Revell, 1924), 75.
9 John Eldredge, The Journey of Desire: Searching for the Life We’ve Only Dreamed Of (Nashville: Nelson, 2000), 111.
10 Piper, Let the Nations Be Glad!, 15.

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Taylor, J. Hudson. China’s Millions. London: China Inland Mission, 1950.

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Taylor, William. Too Valuable to Lose: Exploring the Causes and Cures of Missionary Attrition. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1997.

Teresa, Mother. One Heart Full of Love. Michigan: Servant Publications, 1988.

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Wellman, Sam. Amy Carmichael: For the Children of India (Heroes of the Faith). Uhrichville, OH: Barbour Publishing, 1998.

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Wiersbe, Warren W. The Bible Exposition Commentary: New Testament Volume 1. Colorado Springs, CO: Cook Communications Ministries, 2001.

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Wilkinson, Margaret. At BBC Corner I Remember Amy Carmichael. Belfast: Impact Printing, 1996.

Willard, Dallas. The Divine Conspiracy: Rediscovering Our Hidden Life in God. San Francisco, CA: HarperCollins, 1998.

Winter, Ralph D., Hawthorne, Steven C. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader. William Carey Library Publishers, 2009.

Wright, Jamie. The Very Worst Missionary: A Memoir or Whatever. New York: Convergent Books, 2018.

Wright, T. William Carey. London: Pearce, 1896.

Yonge, Charlotte Mary. Pioneers and Founders, or, Recent Workers in the Mission Field. London: Macmillan, 1871.

Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig von. Kinkel, Gary S., ed. Christian Life and Witness: Count Zinzendorf’s 1738 Berlin Speeches, Book 82 of 178. Princeton Theological Monograph Series, 2010.

Zwemer, Samuel M. The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia. Cornell University Library, 1918.

 

Hymns and Archives

 

Elliott, Charlotte. “O Holy Savior, Friend Unseen.” 1836. The Christian Life: Faith and Trust. Publication date: 1929.

KCMMB. Annual Mission Report (August 5, 1896).

“SVM Prepares for Reconversion of Missionary Enterprise,” SVM Archives, series V (1945).

The Church Missionary Review. Vol. 52, 1901.

Zinzendorf, Nikolaus. “The Servants of Christ.” The Liturgy and Hymns of the American Province of the Unitas Fratrum, no. 725, 1876.

 

Journals and Magazines

 

Asch, Solomon E. “Opinions and Social Pressure.” Scientific American, 193, no. 5 (November 1955). https://www.scribd.com/doc/249982831/Asch-1955.

Askew, T. A. “The New York 1900 Ecumenical Missionary Conference: A Centennial Reflection.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 24(4) (2000). https://doi.org/10.1177/239693930002400401.

Carter, Joan. “Missionary Stressors and Implications for Care.” Journal of Psychology and Theology 27, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 171-180.

Deci, Edward L. “Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards On Intrinsic Motivation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 18, no. 1 (1971): 105-115. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/1971_Deci.pdf.

Gannon, Martin J. “Cultural Metaphors: Their Use in Management Practice as a Method for Understanding Cultures.” International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, vol. 7, issue 1 (November 1, 2011). https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=orpc.

Hoover, Eric. “The Millennial Muddle: How Stereotyping Students Became a Thriving Industry and a Bundle of Contradictions.” The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 11, 2009. https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Millennial-Muddle-How/48772.

Hornor, Noel. “Why Don’t People Understand the Kingdom of God?” Good News Magazine, September 23, 1998. https://www.ucg.org/the-good-news/why-dont-people-understand-the-kingdom-of-god.

Howell, Brian. “Roots of the Short-Term Missionary 1960-1985: A Brief History of Short-Term Mission in America (Part 1).” Christianity Today, March, 2006. http://www.christianitytoday.com/pastors/2006/march-online-only/rootsmissionary.html.

Sarkissian, Hagop et al. “Is Belief in Free Will a Cultural Universal?” Mind and Language 25, issue 3 (June 2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01393.x.

Shames, Germaine W. United Airlines Hemispheres, February, 1995.

Sinn, Elizabeth. “Kowloon Walled City: Its Origin and Early History.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 27 (1987): 30-45.

Taylor, Paul, Keeter, Scott, eds. “Millennials: Confident. Connected. Open to Change.” Pew Research Center Report, February 2010. https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf.

Taylor, William D. “Mission Frontiers’ Missionary Attrition Series, Part 1.” Mission Frontiers, July 1, 1999. http://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/mission-frontiers-missionary-attrition-series-part-1.

Verwer, George. “Ten Reasons Why Missionaries Leave the Field and Don’t Return.” Mobilizer’s Forum, January 22, 2003.

 

Sermons, Speeches, and Films

 

Baker, Heidi. “Lay Down and Let Him Love You.” Sermon: Show Me Your Glory Conference, Toronto Airport Christian Fellowship, March 5, 2004, recording transcribed by Jennifer A. Miskov.

Baker, Heidi. “Toronto Blessing: ‘The Greatest Thing That’s Happened in the Church in the Last 100 Years.’” Posted by CBN News on YouTube, June 22, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBOFgti-N24.

Carey, William. “The Deathless Sermon.” Sermon: Friar Lane Baptist Chapel, Nottingham, England, May 30, 1792.

Crist, John. “The Millennial Missionaries.” Posted by johnbcrist on YouTube, June 27, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqFZVajMycI.

Deidox. “Free Burma Rangers, A Feature Documentary Film.” Deidox, accessed May 24, 2018. https://deidox.org/watch-fbr/.

Frank, Dr. Albert. “Count Zinzendorf: The Rich Young Ruler Who Said Yes | Full Movie | Rev. Dr. Albert Frank.” Posted by Vision Video on YouTube, December 10, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf0chykooqY.

Mackie, Tim. “Why Is Jesus Always Talking About the Kingdom of God? – Gospel of the Kingdom Ep. 1.” Posted by BibleProject on YouTube, November 30, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APEO0FNzwoM.

Pioneers-USA. “Never the Same.” Accessed May 29, 2018. https://www.pioneers.org/connect/connect-full-view/never-the-same.

Platt, David. “Matthew 26:1-16 – Urbana 15.” Posted by InterVarsity TwentyOneHundred on Vimeo, December 30, 2015. https://vimeo.com/150364821.

Platt, David. “The Gospel Demands Radical Sacrifice.” Posted by DavidPlattRadical on YouTube, March 15, 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcdCPzXsI5Y.

Platt, David. “Urgency of Missions – David Platt.” Posted by Elena Baumann on YouTube, January 25, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqzXQNjMNyY.

Pradhan, Shara. Compelled by Love. Documentary Film. California: Iris Global Films, 2014.

Pullinger, Jackie. “The Principle of the Gospel by Jackie Pullinger.” Women of Christianity, July 9, 2021. https://womenofchristianity.com/the-principle-of-the-gospel-by-jackie-pullinger/.

Reidhead, Paris. “Ten Shekels and a Shirt.” Sermon: Bethany Fellowship, Bloomington, Minnesota, 1965. http://www.parisreidheadbibleteachingministries.org/pdf/Ten_Shekels.pdf.

Richardson, Don. “Cultural Compasses – Guest Speaker Don Richardson.” Posted by Stonebridge Church on YouTube, January 18, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDf3HpC9yms.

Roosevelt, Franklin D. “Acceptance Speech for the Renomination for the Presidency.” Speech, Philadelphia, PA, June 27, 1936. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/acceptance-speech-for-the-renomination-for-the-presidency-philadelphia-pa.

Spurgeon, Charles H. “A Sermon and a Reminiscence.” Sermon: Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, early in the year 1873. Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, sermon #3112. Published October 1, 1908. http://www.spurgeongems.org./vols52-54/chs3112.pdf.

Spurgeon, Charles H. “Daniel: A Pattern For Pleaders.” Sermon: Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, September 25, 1870. Blue Letter Bible, no. 3484. Published November 4, 1915. https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/spurgeon_charles/sermons/3484.cfm.

Taylor, Hudson. “The Source of Power.” Speech: Ecumenical Missionary Conference, Carnegie Hall, New York City, April 23, 1900.

 

Websites and Articles

 

Adkins, Josh. “I Was Wrong About Heidi Baker.” Christian Learning, October 16, 2019. https://www.christianlearning.com/i-was-wrong-about-heidi-baker/.

Barna Group. “51% of Churchgoers Don’t Know of the Great Commission.” Barna, March 27, 2018. https://www.barna.com/research/half-churchgoers-not-heard-great-commission.

Barna Group. “Is Evangelism Going Out of Style?” Faith and Christianity, December 17, 2013. https://www.barna.com/research/is-evangelism-going-out-of-style.

Barnes, Rebecca. “The Rest of the Story.” Christianity Today, January 1, 2006. http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/january/30.38.html.

Bassham, Philip. “John 3:16 From a Thai Buddhist Worldview – Total Opposite!” Project Thailand, January 4, 2011. https://projectthailand.net/2011/01/04/john-316-from-a-thai-buddhist-worldview-total-opposite.

Baynham, Jacob. “Hong Kong Missionary Uses Intensive Prayer to Help Heroin Addicts.” SFGate, December 14, 2007. https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Hong-Kong-missionary-uses-intensive-prayer-to-3235012.php.

BBC News World Service. “I Brought My Family With Me to Mosul.” BBC News World Service, July 16, 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p058vpw5.

Beck, James R. “Dorothy’s Devastating Delusions.” Christianity History Institute, Issue 36, 1992. https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/dorothys-devastating-delusions.

Bell, Bradley. “Expectations vs. Expectancy: The Fine Line of Missionary Attrition.” International Mission Board, September 20, 2017. https://www.imb.org/2017/09/20/expectations-vs-expectancy-fine-line-missionary-attrition.

Bruce, Clare. “What Aussie Christians Can Learn from Persecuted Believers.” Hope 103.2, November 22, 2016. https://hope1032.com.au/stories/faith/2016/aussie-christians-can-learn-persecuted-church.

Cassandra Soars. “Heidi Baker: ‘A Modern-Day Mother Teresa.’” Charisma Magazine, May 11, 2016. https://www.charismamag.com/spirit/evangelism-missions/26027-heidi-baker-love-like-fire.

Cherry, Kendra. “Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: What’s the Difference?” Very Well Mind, May 23, 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/differences-between-extrinsic-and-intrinsic-motivation-2795384.

Christian Focus Publications. “Trailblazers Series.” https://www.christianfocus.com.

Christian History Magazine. “The Rich Young Ruler Who Said Yes.” Christianity History Institute, Issue 1, 1982. https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-1/rich-young-ruler-who-said-yes.html.

CNN. “Official: More Than 1M Child Prostitutes in India.” CNN, May 11, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/11/india.prostitution.children/index.html.

Crash Course. “Social Influence: Crash Course Psychology #38.” Psychology Crash Course, November 11, 2014. https://thecrashcourse.com/courses/psychology.

Dow, Thomas. “The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey – Bethel College.” Review of Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey, by James R. Beck. https://m.moam.info/the-tragic-and-untold-story-of-mrs-william-carey-bethel-college_5a13e7e71723ddb7810a8a9d.html.

Ellison, Matthew and Spitters, Denny. “When Everything is Missions, Episode One.” When Everything is Missions, Podcast Episode One, December 3, 2017. https://www.wheneverythingismissions.com/podcast/2017/12/3/when-everything-is-missions-episode-one.

Free Burma Rangers. “Global Day of Prayer for Burma 2017.” Free Burma Rangers, January 2017. http://www.freeburmarangers.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2017-DOP-LowRes.pdf.

Free Burma Rangers. “Who We Are.” Free Burma Rangers, accessed May 24, 2018. http://www.freeburmarangers.org/who-we-are.

Fuller Studio. “David Eubank on War Zone Ministry.” Fuller Studio, January 22, 2018. http://www.freeburmarangers.org/2018/01/22/fuller-studio-david-eubank-war-zone-ministry.

Gallup. “Clifton Strengths.” Gallup, accessed March 17, 2018. https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/home.aspx.

Hailes, Sam. “Jackie Pullinger: ‘We’re Going to Feel Stupid for Eternity if We Waste This Life.’” Premier Christianity, December 10, 2018. https://www.premierchristianity.com/interviews/jackie-pullinger-were-going-to-feel-stupid-for-eternity-if-we-waste-this-life/1488.article.

Hartz, Sarita. “A Missionary’s Story of PTSD and Healing.” Sarita Hartz, June 29, 2017. http://www.saritahartz.com/a-missionarys-story-of-ptsd-and-healing.

Hartz, Sarita. “The Danger of Being a Barbie Savior,” Sarita Hartz, July 6, 2016. http://www.saritahartz.com/the-danger-of-being-a-barbie-savior.

Hartz, Sarita. “The Need for a New Missions Paradigm,” Sarita Hartz, September 29, 2015. http://www.saritahartz.com/the-need-for-a-new-missions-paradigm.

Hartz, Sarita. “The Surprising Ways the Church is Failing Millennial Missionaries.” Sarita Hartz, May 10, 2018. http://www.saritahartz.com/the-surprising-ways-the-church-is-failing-millennial-missionaries.

Hodge, Mark. “‘My Heart Is Full’: Hero Aid Worker Is Reunited With Little Iraqi Girl, 5, He Rescued From ISIS Sniper Who Had Killed Her Mother.” The Sun, December 21, 2017. https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5065499/aid-worker-dave-eubank-reunited-iraqi-girl-rescued-isis-sniper-mosul/.

“Hudson Taylor: Source of Power.” Prevailing Intercessory Prayer, accessed February 17, 2024. https://www.path2prayer.com/famous-christians-their-lives-and-writings-including-free-books/j-hudson-taylor-pioneer-missionary-to-china/hudson-taylor-source-of-power.

Imtiaz, Saba. “A New Generation Redefines What It Means to Be a Missionary.” The Atlantic, March 8, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/amp/article/551585/.

Indiana University. “Proximity Could Be Key to Success of Healing Prayer.” Newswise, August 3, 2010. https://www.newswise.com/articles/study-finds-proximity-could-be-key-to-success-of-healing-prayer.

JIBC. “The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.” Justice Institute of BC, Centre for Leadership, August 4, 2016, https://www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/community_social_justice/pdf/cl/Life_Stress_Self_Assessment_(Holmes_and_Rahe).pdf.

Joshua Project. “Global Statistics.” Joshua Project, accessed May 29, 2018. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/statistics.

Joshua Project. “Sawi Progress Report.” Joshua Project, accessed May 29, 2018. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18881/ID.

Koteskey, Ronald. “What Missionaries Ought to Know About Burnout.” Missionary Care. http://www.missionarycare.com/burnout.html.

Le Blanc, Annie. “Chinese Triads Cont. Page 2.” WebCite, cached October 19, 2009. https://www.webcitation.org/5keWc8Z47?url=http://www.geocities.com/leixiaojie/Triads2.

Li, Jane. “Who and What Are Behind Myanmar’s Long-Running Civil War on China’s Doorstep?” South China Morning Post, November 21, 2016. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2047966/who-and-what-are-behind-myanmars-long-running-civil-war.

LIFE Magazine. “Go Ye and Preach the Gospel: Five Do and Die.” LIFE Magazine, January 30, 1956. https://books.google.co.th/books?id=gT8EAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.

Mathis, David. “Let’s Revise the Popular Phrase ‘In, But Not Of.’” Desiring God, August 29, 2012. https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/lets-revise-the-popular-phrase-in-but-not-of.

Ng, Edmond. “Reaching Across Cultures.” Living Water, April 15, 2011. http://livwater.blogspot.com/2011/04/reaching-across-cultures.html.

Nik Ripken Ministries. “About.” Nik Ripken Ministries, accessed March 5, 2018. http://www.nikripken.com/about.

Nosowitz, Dan. “Life Inside The Most Densely Populated Place On Earth [Infographic].” Popular Science, April 19, 2013. https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/life-inside-most-densely-populated-place-earth-infographic.

OMF International. “OMF and China Inland Mission (CIM) History.” OMF International, accessed June 17, 2018. https://omf.org/about-omf/history.

Open Doors. “World Watch List 2024.” Open Doors, accessed January 29, 2024. https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/countries/.

Open Doors. “World Watch List: Trends.” Open Doors, accessed January 29, 2024. https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/persecution/persecution-trends/.

Paracletos. “The Sad Facts About Missionary Attrition.” Paracletos, March 25, 2015. https://paracletos.org/the-sad-facts-about-missionary-attrition.

Piper, John. “Book Review of ‘The Kingdom of God’ by John Bright.” Review of The Kingdom of God, by John Bright. Desiring God, February 1, 1975. https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/book-review-of-the-kingdom-of-god-by-john-bright.

Platt, David. “Mission Precision: Defining Missionary.” Radical, June 12, 2017. http://www.radical.net/resources/sermons/defining-missionary-missionary-team.

Ranish, David. “Fifty Years Later, ‘Peace Child’ Tribe Still Following Christ.” Mission Network News, June 21, 2012. https://www.mnnonline.org/news/fifty-years-later-peace-child-tribe-still-following-christ/.

Richardson, Jill. “Millennials, Missions, and Making Them Mix,” Theology Mix, October 6, 2016. https://theologymix.com/missions/millennials-missions-mix.

Richburg, Keith B. “War-Torn Southern Sudan Called ‘Another Somalia.’” The Washington Post, February 12, 1993. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/02/12/war-torn-southern-sudan-called-another-somalia/46177fa9-9cf3-460b-a2fa-163de5ef6e94/.

Rough Rider, Asian. “10 Reasons Why Mission Matters in a Post Millennial World.” Asian Rough Rider, June 1, 2017. https://asianroughrider.com/2017/06/01/10-reasons-why-mission-matters-in-a-post-missional-world/.

Rowe, Katie. “Closer to the Truth About Current Missionary Attrition: An Initial Analysis of Results.” A Life Overseas, April 16, 2018. http://www.alifeoverseas.com/closer-to-the-truth-about-current-missionary-attrition-an-initial-analysis-of-results.

RSMC La Reunion. Report: “Cyclone Season 1999–2000.” Meteo-France. Retrieved July 15, 2014. http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/archives/publications/data/cSaisoncyclonique19992000.pdf.

Serithai, Jiraphon. “God of the Thai: How One Movement Overcomes the Perception of a Foreign God.” Mission Frontiers, November 1, 2014. http://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/god-of-the-thai.

Sitton, David. “Don’t Complicate the ‘Missionary Call.’” Desiring God, July 27, 2011. https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/don-t-complicate-the-missionary-call.

South China Morning Post. “Walled City’s Transformation Sparks Hopes for Other Sites,” South China Morning Post, December 23, 1995. http://www.scmp.com/article/143914/walled-citys-transformation-sparks-hopes-other-sites.

South China Morning Post. “Work to Start on Slum Area, South China Morning Post, March 19, 1993. http://www.scmp.com/article/22682/work-start-slum-area.

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Stafford, Tim. “Miracles in Mozambique: How Mama Heidi Reaches the Abandoned.” Christianity Today, May 18, 2012. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2012/may/miracles-in-mozambique.html.

Stetzer, Ed. “Involving All of God’s People in All of God’s Mission, Part 2.” Christianity Today, June 1, 2010. http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2010/june/involving-all-of-gods-people-in-all-of-gods-mission-part-2.html.

Taylor, Tegan. “The Man Who Willingly Takes His Family to War.” ABC Australia, September 4, 2017. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-04/david-eubank-man-who-willingly-takes-his-family-to-war/8867792.

“The History of Iris.” Iris Global. Accessed June 13, 2018. https://www.irisglobal.org/about/history.

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Thompson, Craig. “Is Conflict With Teammates Really the Top Reason for Missionaries Leaving the Field?” A Life Overseas, July 28, 2017. http://www.alifeoverseas.com/is-conflict-with-teammates-really-the-top-reason-for-missionaries-leaving-the-field.

Trotter, Jonathan. “The Idolatry of Mission. A Life Overseas, November 9, 2014. http://www.alifeoverseas.com/the-idolatry-of-missions.

Tucker, Ruth A. “William Carey’s Less-Than-Perfect Family Life.” Christianity History Institute, Issue 36, 1992. https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/william-careys-less-than-perfect-family-life.

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Watson, Ivan and Iqbal, Javed and Maung, Manny. “Myanmar’s Hidden War.” CNN, November 11, 2015. https://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/11/asia/myanmar-shan-rebels-civil-war/index.html.

Wheeler, John. “Who Is Gen Z and What Do They Want? Meet the World’s First Truly Global Generation.” Gen Z Insights, March 12, 2018. https://www.genzinsights.com/who-is-gen-z-and-what-do-they-want-meet-the-worlds-first-truly-global-generation.

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Wilson, David J. “Selfless Or Selfish: A Missionary’s Motivation, Discovering My Own Motivation.” The Odyssey Online, June 6, 2016. https://www.theodysseyonline.com/selfless-selfish-missionarys-motivation.

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Zylstra, Sarah Eekhoff, Robertson, Ryan. “Gen Z Wants to Be Involved in Missions.” The Gospel Coalition, December 31, 2023. Accessed January 3, 2024. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/missions-cross-conference/.